Part 1
Crown owned minerals

Interpretation and application

2 Interpretation
  • (1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—

    access arrangement and arrangement means an arrangement to permit access to land—

    • (a) entered into by way of arrangement or determined by an arbiter in accordance with this Act; and

    • (b) between a person desiring to carry out mineral-related activities and either—

      • (i) the owner (and occupier, if any) of the land; or

      • (ii) in the case of land in the common marine and coastal area that is not a customary marine title area, the appropriate Minister

    bed means—

    • (a) in relation to any river, the space of land which the waters of the river cover at its fullest flow without overtopping the banks; and

    • (b) in relation to a lake, the space of land which the waters of the lake cover at its highest level without exceeding its physical margin; and

    • (c) in relation to the sea, the submarine areas covered by the internal waters and the territorial sea

    change includes amend, add to, delete from, and replace

    coal means anthracite, bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, peat, and oil shale; and includes every other substance worked or normally worked with coal

    coastal marine area has the meaning given in section 2(1) of the Resource Management Act 1991

    common marine and coastal area has the meaning given in section 9(1) of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011

    contravene includes fail to comply with

    controlling authority, in relation to land, means—

    • (a) in the case of land within 20 metres of a road, the authority having control of the road:

    • (b) in the case of land within 100 metres of a public bridge, the authority having control of the public bridge:

    • (c) in the case of land within 60 metres of a private bridge, the person owning or having control of the private bridge:

    • (d) in the case of land within 100 metres of a railway, the person responsible for the administration of that railway:

    • (e) in the case of land within 60 metres of any river control or flood protection work, the authority having control of the river control or flood protection work

    crop means plants grown on cultivated land, the produce of which is to be harvested

    Crown land means all land held in allodium by, or the fee simple title to which is vested in, the Crown whether by virtue of Crown prerogative, operation of law, any enactment, or any deed or instrument; and includes—

    • (b) Crown land within the meaning of paragraphs (a) to (f) of the definition of the term Crown land in section 2 of the Land Act 1948

    Crown owned mineral means any mineral that is the property of the Crown

    current means, in relation to a permit, that the permit has been granted and has not expired or been surrendered or revoked; and currency has a corresponding meaning

    customary marine title agreement has the meaning given to agreement in section 9(1) of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011

    customary marine title group has the meaning given in section 9(1) of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011

    customary marine title order has the meaning given in section 9(1) of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011

    discovery means the discovery of a deposit or occurrence of a mineral

    draft minerals programme means a programme prepared or in the course of preparation under section 14

    dwellinghouse means any building, whether permanent or temporary, that is occupied, in whole or in part, as a residence; and includes any structure or outdoor living area that is accessory to, and used wholly or principally for the purposes of, the residence; but does not include the land upon which the residence is sited

    enforcement officer means any person authorised under section 7

    enter includes to re-enter; and entry has a similar meaning

    exploration means any activity undertaken for the purpose of identifying mineral deposits or occurrences and evaluating the feasibility of mining particular deposits or occurrences of 1 or more minerals; and includes any drilling, dredging, or excavations (whether surface or subsurface) that are reasonably necessary to determine the nature and size of a mineral deposit or occurrence; and to explore has a corresponding meaning

    exploration permit means an exploration permit granted under this Act

    foreshore means any land covered and uncovered by the flow and ebb of the tide at mean spring tides and, in relation to any such land that forms part of the bed of a river, does not include any area that is not part of the coastal marine area

    fuel minerals includes coal and petroleum

    gold includes any substance containing gold, or having gold mixed in it

    gold fossicking area means any area declared under section 98 to be a gold fossicking area

    in, in relation to land, means on or under the surface of land

    industrial rocks and building stones includes aggregate, basalt, diatomite, dunite, granite, limestone, marble, perlite, pumice, sandstone, serpentine, slate, sand, and gravel

    initial permit means a permit that is not a subsequent permit

    land includes land covered by water; and also includes the foreshore and seabed to the outer limits of the territorial sea

    Maori land has the same meaning as in Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993; and includes Maori reserves within the meaning of that Act

    metallic minerals includes compounds of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, silver, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, and zinc

    mineral means a naturally occurring inorganic substance beneath or at the surface of the earth, whether or not under water; and includes all metallic minerals, non-metallic minerals, fuel minerals, precious stones, industrial rocks and building stones, and a prescribed substance within the meaning of the Atomic Energy Act 1945

    minerals programme means a programme issued by the Governor-General under section 18 that is current

    minimum impact activity means any of the following:

    • (a) geological, geochemical, and geophysical surveying:

    • (b) taking samples by hand or hand held methods:

    • (c) aerial surveying:

    • (d) land surveying:

    • (e) any activity prescribed as a minimum impact activity:

    • (f) any lawful act incidental to any activity to which paragraphs (a) to (e) relate—

    to the extent that it does not involve any activity that results in impacts of greater than minimum scale and in no circumstances shall include activities involving—

    • (g) the cutting, destroying, removing, or injury of any vegetation on greater than a minimum scale; or

    • (h) the use of explosives; or

    • (i) damage to improvements, stock, or chattels on any land; or

    • (j) any breach of the provisions of this or any other Act, including provisions in relation to protected native plants, water, noise, and historic sites; or

    • (k) the use of more persons for any particular activity than is reasonably necessary; or

    • (l) any impacts prescribed as prohibited impacts; or

    • (m) entry on land prescribed as prohibited land

    mining means to take, win, or extract, by whatever means, a mineral existing in its natural state in land, or a chemical substance from that mineral, for the purpose of obtaining the mineral or chemical substance; but does not include prospecting or exploration; and to mine has a corresponding meaning

    mining operations means operations in connection with mining, exploring, or prospecting for any Crown owned mineral including—

    • (a) the extraction, transport, treatment, processing, and separation of any mineral; and

    • (b) the construction, maintenance, and operation of any works, structures, and other land improvements, and of any machinery, and equipment, connected with such operations; and

    • (c) the removal of overburden by mechanical or other means, and the stacking, deposit, storage, and treatment of any substance considered to contain any mineral; and

    • (d) the deposit or discharge of any mineral, material, debris, tailings, refuse, or wastewater produced from or consequent on, any such operations; and

    • (e) the doing of all lawful acts incidental or conducive to any such operations—

    when carried out at or near the site where the mining, exploration, or prospecting is carried out

    mining permit means a mining permit granted under this Act

    Minister means the Minister of Energy

    non-exclusive permit means a permit which confers a right to prospect or explore for, or mine, any Crown owned mineral which right is not exclusive to the holder of the permit

    non-metallic minerals includes asbestos, barite, bentonite, calcite, clays, dolomite, feldspar, fluorite, magnesite, mica, phosphate, potash, quartz, salt, silica lump, silica sand, sulphur, talc, and wax

    occupier, in relation to land, means a person who has a right to occupy the land by virtue of a lease, sublease, licence, or any renewal thereof, granted by the owner of the land; and includes—

    • (a) a holder of an exploration permit or mining permit who has a right of access in respect of the land for the purpose of carrying out an activity under the permit or mining operations; and

    • (b) a person in actual occupation of the land by virtue of being the holder of an existing privilege as defined in section 106 (other than an exploration licence or prospector's right granted under the Mining Act 1971, or an authorisation granted under Part 2 of the Petroleum Act 1937); and

    • (c) a controlling authority in respect of the land

    owner means—

    • (a) in relation to Crown land, the appropriate Minister within the meaning of subsection (2); and

    • (b) in relation to land other than Crown land, the person or persons who hold the fee simple title to the land; and includes, except for the purposes of sections 8 and 49 to 52, the person or persons (other than the Crown) who owns or own the minerals in the land

    permit means a prospecting permit, an exploration permit, or a mining permit to the extent that it remains current; or, if the context requires, all or any of these permits

    permit holder means any holder or holders for the time being of a permit

    person includes the Crown, a corporation sole, and also a body of persons, whether corporate or unincorporate

    petroleum means—

    • (a) any naturally occurring hydrocarbon (other than coal) whether in a gaseous, liquid, or solid state; or

    • (b) any naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbons (other than coal) whether in a gaseous, liquid, or solid state; or

    • (c) any naturally occurring mixture of 1 or more hydrocarbons (other than coal) whether in a gaseous, liquid, or solid state, and 1 or more of the following, namely hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen, helium, or carbon dioxide—

    and, except in sections 10 and 11, includes any petroleum as so defined which has been mined or otherwise recovered from its natural condition, or which has been so mined or otherwise recovered but which has been returned to a natural reservoir for storage purposes in the same or an adjacent area

    petroleum mining permit means a mining permit for petroleum

    prescribed means prescribed by regulations made under this Act

    prescribed form means a form prescribed by regulations made under this Act and containing and having attached such information and documents as those regulations may require

    private bridge means a bridge or culvert (other than a footbridge) that is owned by or under the control of any person other than the Government or a public authority

    prospecting means any activity undertaken for the purpose of identifying land likely to contain exploitable mineral deposits or occurrences; and includes—

    • (a) geological, geochemical, and geophysical surveys; and

    • (b) the taking of samples by hand or hand held methods; and

    • (c) aerial surveys,—

    and to prospect has a corresponding meaning

    prospecting permit means a prospecting permit granted under this Act

    public bridge means a bridge or culvert intended for public use or for use in connection with any public work within the meaning of the Public Works Act 1981 and under the control of the Government or any public authority

    public notice, when given by the Minister, means notice published in 1 or more daily newspapers circulating in the main metropolitan areas

    railway means a railway within the meaning of the New Zealand Railways Corporation Act 1981 and also within the meaning of section 2 of the Public Works Act 1981

    regulations means regulations made under this Act

    relevant minerals programme,—

    • (a) in relation to an application for an initial permit, means a minerals programme that applies to the mineral to which the application applies; and

    • (b) in relation to an initial permit, means a minerals programme that applies to a mineral to which the initial permit applies and—

      • (i) that was in force at the time the initial permit was granted; or

      • (ii) that applies to the initial permit by virtue of a term of that permit; and

    • (c) in relation to a subsequent permit or an application for a subsequent permit, means, except where paragraph (d) applies, a minerals programme that, in accordance with paragraph (b), is the relevant minerals programme in relation to the initial permit that relates to the subsequent permit or application; and

    • (d) in relation to an application for a subsequent mining permit in respect of a discovery made under a subsequent mining permit, means a minerals programme that applies to the mineral to which the application applies, that was in force at the commencement of the exploration activities resulting in the discovery

    right of access means, in respect of land, the right of a permit holder (and employees, agents, and contractors of a permit holder) to enter, use, occupy, and enjoy (with or without vehicles and equipment) the land for the purpose of carrying out lawful activity under a permit or any mining operations

    road means—

    • (a) a road within the meaning of section 121 of the Public Works Act 1981 or section 315 of the Local Government Act 1974:

    • (b) a motorway within the meaning of section 2 of the Public Works Act 1981:

    • (c) a limited access road within the meaning of section 153 of the Public Works Act 1981 or section 346 of the Local Government Act 1974:

    • (d) a regional road within the meaning of section 362 of the Local Government Act 1974:

    • (e) a limited access regional road within the meaning of section 371 of the Local Government Act 1974:

    • (f) a regional motorway within the meaning of section 374 of the Local Government Act 1974

    sand does not include ironsand

    Secretary means the chief executive of the Ministry of Economic Development

    serve means serve in accordance with section 352 or section 353 of the Resource Management Act 1991

    silver includes any substance containing silver, or having silver mixed in it, other than a substance that also contains gold or has gold mixed in it

    submission means a written submission

    subsequent permit means a permit granted in accordance with section 32

    territorial sea means the territorial sea of New Zealand as defined by section 3 of the Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, and Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1977

    Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi) has the same meaning as the word Treaty as defined in section 2 of the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975

    uranium includes thorium and all natural substances, chemical compounds, and physical combinations of uranium or thorium

    working day means any day except—

    • (a) a Saturday, a Sunday, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Anzac Day, Labour Day, the Sovereign's birthday, and Waitangi Day; and

    • (b) a day in the period commencing with 20 December in any year and ending with 15 January in the following year.

    (2) Appropriate Minister, in relation to Crown land or land in the common marine and coastal area, means—

    • (a) the Minister charged with the administration of the land or of the enactment (if any) that the land is subject to; and

    • (b) the Minister of Conservation, if the land is part of the common marine and coastal area; or

    • (c) the Minister of Lands if paragraphs (a) and (b) do not apply; or

    • (d) the Minister determined by the Governor-General in Council, if there is uncertainty as to who is the appropriate Minister.

    (3) For the purposes of sections 38 and 97, a permit holder who has not fully complied with the conditions of his or her permit, shall be deemed to have substantially complied with those conditions if—

    • (a) the permit holder has been duly exempted from compliance with any condition and has substantially complied with all other conditions; or

    • (b) the Minister is satisfied that the failure of the permit holder to comply with the conditions has been due to causes beyond the control of the permit holder, or that for any other reason the failure of the permit holder to comply with the conditions should be excused.

    (4) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—

    • (a) a reference to a Part, section, or Schedule, is a reference to a Part, section, or Schedule of this Act; and

    • (b) a reference in a section to a subsection is a reference to a subsection of that section; and

    • (c) a reference in a subsection to a paragraph is a reference to a paragraph of that subsection; and

    • (d) a reference in a section to a paragraph is a reference to a paragraph of that section.

    Section 2(1) access arrangement and arrangement: substituted, on 1 April 2011, by section 128 of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 (2011 No 3).

    Section 2(1) coastal marine area: inserted, on 1 April 2011, by section 128 of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 (2011 No 3).

    Section 2(1) common marine and coastal area: inserted, on 1 April 2011, by section 128 of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 (2011 No 3).

    Section 2(1) customary marine title agreement: inserted, on 1 April 2011, by section 128 of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 (2011 No 3).

    Section 2(1) customary marine title group: inserted, on 1 April 2011, by section 128 of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 (2011 No 3).

    Section 2(1) customary marine title order: inserted, on 1 April 2011, by section 128 of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 (2011 No 3).

    Section 2(1) enforcement officer: inserted, on 28 September 1993, by section 2(1) of the Crown Minerals Amendment Act 1993 (1993 No 139).

    Section 2(1) exploration permit: amended, on 28 September 1993, by section 2(2)(a) of the Crown Minerals Amendment Act 1993 (1993 No 139).

    Section 2(1) industrial rocks and building stones: amended, on 28 September 1993, by section 2(2)(b) of the Crown Minerals Amendment Act 1993 (1993 No 139).

    Section 2(1) Maori land: amended, on 1 July 1993, pursuant to section 362(2) of Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993 (1993 No 4).

    Section 2(1) metallic minerals: amended, on 28 September 1993, by section 2(2)(c) of the Crown Minerals Amendment Act 1993 (1993 No 139).

    Section 2(1) mining permit: amended, on 28 September 1993, by section 2(2)(d) of the Crown Minerals Amendment Act 1993 (1993 No 139).

    Section 2(1) occupier paragraph (a): amended, on 21 August 2003, by section 3 of the Crown Minerals Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 45).

    Section 2(1) owner paragraph (b): amended, on 28 September 1993, by section 2(2)(e) of the Crown Minerals Amendment Act 1993 (1993 No 139).

    Section 2(1) prospecting permit: amended, on 28 September 1993, by section 2(2)(f) of the Crown Minerals Amendment Act 1993 (1993 No 139).

    Section 2(1) public foreshore and seabed: repealed, on 1 April 2011, by section 128 of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 (2011 No 3).

    Section 2(1) Secretary: substituted, on 7 September 2000, by section 8(1) of the Ministry of Economic Development Act 2000 (2000 No 28).

    Section 2(1) territorial sea: amended, on 1 August 1996, pursuant to section 5(4) of the Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone Amendment Act 1996 (1996 No 74).

    Section 2(2): substituted, on 25 November 2004, by section 103(1) of the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 (2004 No 93).

    Section 2(2): amended, on 1 April 2011, by section 128 of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 (2011 No 3).

    Section 2(2)(b): amended, on 1 April 2011, by section 128 of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 (2011 No 3).