Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996

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Part 1
Preliminary

2 Interpretation
  • (1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—

    Advertisement means any publication to the community or to any section of the community of any words, whether written or printed, spoken, or in any electronic form, or of any pictorial representation or design or device, used to promote the sale of any hazardous substance; and to advertise has a corresponding meaning

    Aerodrome has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Civil Aviation Act 1990

    Aircraft has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Civil Aviation Act 1990

    Amenity values means those natural or physical qualities and characteristics of an area that contribute to people's appreciation of its pleasantness, aesthetic coherence, and cultural and recreational attributes

    approved form means a form approved by the Authority under section 11(fa)

    Approved form: this definition was inserted, as from 31 December 2000, by section 3(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2000 (2000 No 89). See clause 2(a) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act Commencement Order 2000 (SR 2000/267).

    Authority means the Environmental Risk Management Authority established under section 14 of this Act

    Bioaccumulation means accumulation within the tissues of living organisms

    Building has the same meaning as in section 3 of the Building Act 1991

    By-product means an incidental or secondary product made in the manufacture of another product

    Carrier, in relation to a craft, means the owner or charterer of the craft; and, where the owner or charterer is not in New Zealand, includes the agent in New Zealand of the owner or charterer or, if there is no such agent in New Zealand, the person in charge

    Code of practice means any document issued or approved in accordance with section 78 of this Act

    Compound means any chemical combination of chemical elements

    conditional release approval means an approval under section 38C

    conditional release approval: this definition was inserted, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54).

    conditionally released new organism means a new organism that is subject to a conditional release approval

    conditionally released new organism: this definition was inserted, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54).

    Container means any vessel or structure, whether moveable or fixed, in which hazardous substances may be cased, covered, enclosed, contained, or packed; and—

    • (a) Includes,—

      • (i) Any vessel (other than part of a vehicle's fuel system) which forms an integral part of any vehicle; and

      • (ii) Any stationary container; and

      • (iii) Any package;

    • (b) Does not include any landfill:

    Containment means restricting an organism or substance to a secure location or facility to prevent escape; and includes, in respect of genetically modified organisms, field testing and large scale fermentation

    Containment facility means,—

    • (a) In relation to new organisms (other than genetically modified organisms), a facility registered as a containment facility under the Biosecurity Act 1993:

    • (b) In relation to genetically modified organisms, a facility which complies with the controls imposed by an approval granted under any of sections 42, 42A, 42B, or 45:

    Containment facility: this definition was amended, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(2) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54) by substituting the words any of sections 42, 42A, 42B, or 45 for the words section 42 or 45 of this Act.

    containment structure means a containment facility that is a vehicle, room, building, or other structure, set aside and equipped for the development of genetically modified organisms

    containment structure: this definition was inserted, as from 28 May 2002, by section 5 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Genetically Modified Organisms) Amendment Act 2002 (2002 No 13). See section 10 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Genetically Modified Organisms) Amendment Act 2002 (2002 No 13) for the transitional provision.

    Controller means the person for the time being in charge of a location or facility

    Controls means any obligations or restrictions imposed on any hazardous substance or new organism, or on any person in relation to any hazardous substance or new organism, by this or any other Act or any regulations, rules, codes, or other documents made in accordance with the provisions of this or any other Act for the purposes of controlling the adverse effects of that substance or organism on people or the environment

    Customs officer means any person holding office as an officer of Customs under the Customs Act 1966

    Craft means any form of aircraft, ship, or other vehicle or vessel capable of being used to transport any substance to or from New Zealand from or to any country outside New Zealand

    Crown entity

    Crown entity: this definition was inserted, as from 25 January 2005, by section 37(1) Public Finance Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 113).

    develop, in relation to organisms,—

    • (a) means—

      • (i) genetic modification of an organism:

      • (ii) regeneration of a new organism from biological material of the organism that cannot, without human intervention, be used to reproduce the organism:

      • (iii) fermentation of a micro-organism that is a new organism; but

    • (b) does not include field testing

    develop: this definition was substituted, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(3) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54).

    Disposal means,—

    • (a) In relation to a hazardous substance,—

      • (i) Treating the substance in such a way that it is no longer a hazardous substance; or

      • (ii) Discharging the substance into the environment as waste; or

      • (iii) Exporting the substance as waste from New Zealand:

    • (b) In relation to a new organism,—

      • (i) Rendering the organism biologically inactive in such a manner as to prevent the occurrence of any future biological activity; or

      • (ii) Exporting the organism from New Zealand:

    Distribution system has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Gas Act 1992

    Ecotoxic means capable of causing ill health, injury, or death to any living organism

    Effect includes—

    • (a) Any potential or probable effect; and

    • (b) Any positive or adverse effect; and

    • (c) Any temporary or permanent effect; and

    • (d) Any past, present, or future effects; and

    • (e) Any acute or chronic effect; and

    • (f) Any cumulative effect which arises over time or in combination with other effects:

    Enforcement officer means an enforcement officer appointed under section 98 or section 99(3) of this Act

    Environment includes—

    • (a) Ecosystems and their constituent parts, including people and communities; and

    • (b) All natural and physical resources; and

    • (c) Amenity values; and

    • (d) The social, economic, aesthetic, and cultural conditions which affect the matters stated in paragraphs (a) to (c) of this definition or which are affected by those matters:

    environmental medium,—

    • (a) in relation to class 6 substances, means—

      • (i) air, water, and soil; or

      • (ii) a surface that a hazardous substance may be deposited onto:

    • (b) in relation to class 9 substances, means water, soil, or sediment where these are in the natural environment, or a surface that a hazardous substance may be deposited onto

    environmental medium: this definition was inserted, as from 22 December 2005, by section 3(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Approvals and Enforcement) Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 123).

    Environmental user charge means an amount of money payable per unit mass of a hazardous substance

    environmentally sound disposal, in relation to a substance that is a persistent organic pollutant, means disposal in accordance with directions given by the Authority by notice in the Gazette, being directions that are not inconsistent with Article 6 of the Stockholm Convention

    environmentally sound disposal: this definition was inserted, as from 23 December 2004, by section 4 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Stockholm Convention) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 37). See clause 2 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Stockholm Convention) Amendment Act Commencement Order 2004 (SR 2004/386).

    Explosive means capable of sudden expansion owing to a release of internal energy; and includes the capability to generate—

    • (a) Deflagration; or

    • (b) Pyrotechnic effects,—

    and explosion has a corresponding meaning

    Exportation has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Customs Act 1966; and to export has a corresponding meaning

    exposure limit means an environmental exposure limit, a tolerable exposure limit, or a workplace exposure standard (as these terms are defined in section 77B(6))

    exposure limit: this definition was inserted, as from 22 December 2005, by section 3(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Approvals and Enforcement) Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 123).

    Field test means, in relation to an organism, the carrying on of trials on the effects of the organism under conditions similar to those of the environment into which the organism is likely to be released, but from which the organism, or any heritable material arising from it, could be retrieved or destroyed at the end of the trials

    Field test: this definition was amended, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(4) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54) by omitting the words ; and includes large-scale fermentation of microorganisms.

    Firework means an object containing small quantities of hazardous substances with explosive properties enclosed in a case of paper or similar material of such a strength, construction, and character that the ignition or explosion of one such firework will not cause the explosion en masse of similar fireworks kept or carried with it, and whose sole or principal effect is not percussive or vertical or horizontal flight

    Gas appliance has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Gas Act 1992

    Gas installation has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Gas Act 1992

    genetic element, in relation to a new organism, means—

    • (a) heritable material; and

    • (b) any genes, nucleic acids, or other molecules from the organism that can, without human intervention, replicate in a biological system and transfer a character or trait to another organism or to subsequent generations of the organism

    genetic element: this definition was inserted, as from 28 May 2002, by section 5 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Genetically Modified Organisms) Amendment Act 2002 (2002 No 13). See section 10 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Genetically Modified Organisms) Amendment Act 2002 (2002 No 13) for the transitional provision.

    Genetically modified organism means, unless expressly provided otherwise by regulations, any organism in which any of the genes or other genetic material—

    • (a) Have been modified by in vitro techniques; or

    • (b) Are inherited or otherwise derived, through any number of replications, from any genes or other genetic material which has been modified by in vitro techniques:

    Hazard classification means a combination of the hazardous property of a substance and the level or type of hazard related to that property prescribed in accordance with section 74 of this Act

    Hazardous substance means, unless expressly provided otherwise by regulations, any substance—

    • (a) With one or more of the following intrinsic properties:

      • (i) Explosiveness:

      • (ii) Flammability:

      • (iii) A capacity to oxidise:

      • (iv) Corrosiveness:

      • (v) Toxicity (including chronic toxicity):

      • (vi) Ecotoxicity, with or without bioaccumulation; or

    • (b) Which on contact with air or water (other than air or water where the temperature or pressure has been artificially increased or decreased) generates a substance with any one or more of the properties specified in paragraph (a) of this definition:

    heritable material, in relation to a new organism, means viable biological material, including gametes and spores, arising from the organism that can, without human intervention, regenerate the organism or reproduce a new generation of the same species of the organism

    heritable material: this definition was inserted, as from 28 May 2002, by section 5 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Genetically Modified Organisms) Amendment Act 2002 (2002 No 13). See section 10 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Genetically Modified Organisms) Amendment Act 2002 (2002 No 13) for the transitional provision.

    host organism means an organism that is the subject of a genetic modification procedure

    host organism: this definition was inserted, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54).

    human cells

    • (a) means human cells, human cell lines, or human tissues that are being grown or maintained outside the human body; and

    • (b) includes human reproductive cells or human embryonic cells that are being grown or maintained outside the human body

    human cells: this definition was inserted, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54).

    Identification means the provision of any information about a substance or organism which—

    • (a) Clearly identifies the chemical or biological nature of the substance or organism:

    • (b) Specifies the nature and degree or type of hazard intrinsic to the substance or organism:

    • (c) Describes precautions to be taken by persons managing hazardous substances to avoid injury to people or environmental damage:

    • (d) Directly or indirectly aids in managing any hazardous effect of a hazardous substance:

    • (e) Identifies and specifies the means of contacting any person knowledgeable in the management of the substance:

    Import, in relation to new organisms, has the same meaning as in section 2(1) of the Biosecurity Act 1993

    Importation, in relation to hazardous substances, has the same meaning as in section 47 of the Customs Act 1966; and to import, in relation to those substances, has a corresponding meaning

    Inseparable organism means any organism which is unable to be separated from any other organism

    Intrinsic values, in relation to ecosystems, means those aspects of ecosystems and their constituent parts which have value in their own right, including—

    • (a) Their biological and genetic diversity; and

    • (b) The essential characteristics that determine an ecosystem's integrity, form, functioning, and resilience:

    laboratory means a vehicle, room, building, or any other structure set aside and equipped for scientific experiments or research, for teaching science, or for the development of chemical or medicinal products

    Laboratory: this definition was inserted, as from 31 December 2000, by section 3(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2000 (2000 No 89). See clause 2(a) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act Commencement Order 2000 (SR 2000/267).

    Landfill means any premises used for the lawful deposit or disposal of waste materials into or onto land

    Lifecycle, in relation to a substance, means the time for which the substance is in existence from (and including) its manufacture or importation to its disposal

    light rail vehicle has the same meaning as in section 4(1) of the Railways Act 2005

    light rail vehicle: this definition was inserted, as from 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37). See sections 105 to 111 of that Act as to the transitional provisions.

    local authority means a territorial authority or a regional council

    local authority: this definition was inserted, as from 22 December 2005, by section 3(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Approvals and Enforcement) Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 123).

    Manufacture, in relation to a hazardous substance, includes the mining or extraction of any hazardous substance

    Member means a member of the Authority

    Minister means the Minister for the Environment

    Motor vehicle has the same meaning as in section 2(1) of the Land Transport Act 1998

    Motor vehicle: this definition was amended, as from 1 March 1999, by section 215(1) Land Transport Act 1998 (1998 No 110), by substituting the words the Land Transport Act 1998 for the words the Transport Act 1962.

    Natural and physical resources has the same meaning as in section 2(1) of the Resource Management Act 1991

    New organism has the meaning given to it by section 2A

    New Organism: this definition was substituted, as from 7 May 1999, by section 2(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 1999 (1999 No 35).

    Organism

    • (a) does not include a human being:

    • (ab) includes a human cell:

    • (b) Includes a micro-organism:

    • (c) Includes a genetic structure, other than a human cell, that is capable of replicating itself, whether that structure comprises all or only part of an entity, and whether it comprises all or only part of the total genetic structure of an entity:

    • (d) Includes an entity (other than a human being) declared to be an organism for the purposes of the Biosecurity Act 1993:

    • (e) Includes a reproductive cell or developmental stage of an organism:

    Organism: paragraph (a) of this definition was substituted, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(5) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54).

    Organism: paragraph (ab) of this definition was inserted, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(5) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54).

    Organism: paragraph (c) of this definition was amended, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(6) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54) by substituting the words other than a human cell for the words other than a genetic structure derived from a human being.

    persistent organic pollutant

    • (a) means a substance listed in Schedule 2A; and

    • (b) includes a substance containing 1 or more of those substances; but

    • (c) does not include a substance occurring in quantities as unintentional trace contaminants in products and articles

    persistent organic pollutant: this definition was inserted, as from 23 December 2004, by section 4 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Stockholm Convention) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 37). See clause 2 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Stockholm Convention) Amendment Act Commencement Order 2004 (SR 2004/386).

    Person includes the Crown

    Place of work has the same meaning as in section 2(1) and (3) of the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992

    Place of work: this definition was amended, as from 5 May 2003, by section 34 Health and Safety in Employment Amendment Act 2002 (2002 No 86) by inserting the expression and (2A) after the expression 2(1).

    Place of work: this definition was amended, as from 24 March 2004, by section 13 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Transitional Provisions and Controls) Amendment Act 2004 (2004 No 7) by substituting the expression (3) for the expression (2A).

    Port of entry has the same meaning as in the Customs Act 1966

    premises includes a dwelling, building, aircraft, ship, carriage, vehicle, box, receptacle, and place

    Premises: this definition was substituted, as from 31 December 2000, by section 3(2) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2000 (2000 No 89). See clause 2(a) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act Commencement Order 2000 (SR 2000/267).

    prescribed means prescribed by regulations made under this Act

    prescribed: this definition was inserted, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54).

    Public health has the same meaning as in section 6(1) of the New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000

    Public health: this definition was substituted, as from 1 January 2001, by section 111(1) New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 (2000 No 91).

    public notice means—

    • (a) a method determined by the Authority under section 53A; or

    • (b) if section 53A does not apply or no method has been determined under that section, a notice published in 1 or more daily newspapers circulating in the main metropolitan areas together with such other public notice (if any) as the Authority or Minister thinks fit

    Public notice: this definition was substituted, as from 31 December 2000, by section 3(3) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2000 (2000 No 89). See clause 2(a) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act Commencement Order 2000 (SR 2000/267).

    qualifying medicine means a medicine or new medicine (as defined in section 3 of the Medicines Act 1981) that—

    • (a) is or contains a new organism; and

    • (b) meets the criteria set out in section 38I(3)

    qualifying medicine: this definition was inserted, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54).

    qualifying organism means a new organism that is or is contained in a qualifying medicine or qualifying veterinary medicine

    qualifying organism: this definition was inserted, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54).

    qualifying veterinary medicine means a veterinary medicine (as defined in section 2(1) of the Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Act 1997) that—

    • (a) is or contains a new organism; and

    • (b) meets the criteria set out in section 38I(3)

    qualifying veterinary medicine: this definition was inserted, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54).

    rail vehicle has the same meaning as in section 4(1) of the Railways Act 2005

    Rail service vehicle and light rail vehicle: these definitions were substituted, as from 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37). See sections 105 to 111 of that Act as to the transitional provisions.

    Railway line has the same meaning as in section 4(1) of the Railways Act 2005

    Railway line: this definition was amended, as from 20 July 2005, by section 103(3) Railways Act 2005 (2005 No 37) by substituting the words section 4(1) of the Railways Act 2005 for the words section 2(1) of the Transport Services Licensing Act 1989. See sections 105 to 111 of that Act as to the transitional provisions.

    regional council means a regional council within the meaning of the Local Government Act 2002

    regional council: this definition was inserted, as from 22 December 2005, by section 3(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Approvals and Enforcement) Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 123).

    Regulations means regulations in force under this Act

    Release, in relation to new organisms, means to allow the organism to move within New Zealand free of any restrictions other than those imposed in accordance with the Biosecurity Act 1993 or the Conservation Act 1987

    research and development

    [Repealed]

    Research and development: this definition was inserted, as from 31 December 2000, by section 3(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2000 (2000 No 89). See clause 2(a) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act Commencement Order 2000 (SR 2000/267).

    Research and development: this definition was repealed, as from 22 December 2005, by section 3(2) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Approvals and Enforcement) Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 123).

    research and development, in relation to a hazardous substance, means systematic investigation or experimentation activities that involve the hazardous substance

    research and development, in relation to a hazardous substance: this definition was inserted, as from 22 December 2005, by section 3(2) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Approvals and Enforcement) Amendment Act 2005 (2005 No 123).

    responsible chief executive means the chief executive of the Authority and the chief executive of the department for the time being responsible for the administration of the Medicines Act 1981 or the Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Act 1997, as the case may be

    responsible chief executive: this definition was inserted, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54).

    Risk species means any species, subspecies, infrasubspecies, variety, strain, or cultivar prescribed as a risk species under section 140 of this Act

    Road has the same meaning as in section 2(1) of the Land Transport Act 1998

    Road: this definition was amended, as from 1 March 1999, by section 215(1) Land Transport Act 1998 (1998 No 110), by substituting the words the Land Transport Act 1998 for the words the Transport Act 1962.

    Serious harm has the same meaning as in Schedule 1 to the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992

    Serious environmental damage means any environmental damage prescribed under section 140 of this Act

    Ship has the same meaning as in section 2(1) of the Maritime Transport Act 1994

    Stationary container means any building or part of a building, or vessel supported by or incorporated in any building, which is expressly designed to contain any hazardous substance

    Stockholm Convention

    • (a) means the Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants done at Stockholm on 23 May 2001 and the Annexes to the Convention, a copy of the English text of which is set out in Schedule 1AA; and

    • (b) includes any amendments to, or substitutions of, the Convention or the Annexes that are, or will become, binding on New Zealand.

    Stockholm Convention: this definition was inserted, as from 23 December 2004, by section 4 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Stockholm Convention) Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 37). See clause 2 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Stockholm Convention) Amendment Act Commencement Order 2004 (SR 2004/386).

    Substance means—

    • (a) Any element, defined mixture of elements, compounds, or defined mixture of compounds, either naturally occurring or produced synthetically, or any mixtures thereof:

    • (b) Any isotope, allotrope, isomer, congener, radical, or ion of an element or compound which has been declared by the Authority, by notice in the Gazette, to be a different substance from that element or compound:

    • (c) Any mixtures or combinations of any of the above:

    • (d) Any manufactured article containing, incorporating, or including any hazardous substance with explosive properties:

    taxonomic classification, in relation to an organism, means the genus, species, subspecies, infrasubspecies, variety, strain, cultivar, or other appropriate classification that the organism belongs to

    taxonomic classification: this definition was inserted, as from 30 October 2003, by section 4(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 54).

    territorial authority means a territorial authority within the meaning of the Local Government Act 2002

    Territorial authority: this definition was substituted, as from 1 July 2003, by section 262 Local Government Act 2002 (2002 No 84). See sections 273 to 314 of that Act as to the savings and transitional provisions.

    Test certificate means a certificate issued by a test certifier in accordance with section 82

    Test certificate: this definition was substituted, as from 7 May 1999, by section 2(1) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Amendment Act 1999 (1999 No 35).

    Toxic means capable of causing ill-health in, or injury to, human beings

    Tracking system means a system established under regulations made under section 76 of this Act

    Transferable permit means any permit to import or manufacture a hazardous substance issued in accordance with a transferable permit scheme

    Transferable permit scheme means any scheme established in accordance with section 87 of this Act

    Transhipment means the importation into New Zealand of a hazardous substance or new organism solely for the purpose of export within 20 working days to another destination outside New Zealand

    Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi) has the same meaning as the word Treaty as defined in section 2 of the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975

    Weapons system means any ammunition, explosive, or propellant; and includes any platform designed to carry any combination thereof

    Working day means any day except—

    • (a) A Saturday, a Sunday, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Anzac Day, Labour Day, the Sovereign's birthday, and Waitangi Day; and

    • (b) A day in the period commencing on the 20th day of December in any year and ending with the 15th day of January in the following year.

    (2) For the purposes of paragraph (a) of the definition of the term substance in section 2(1) of this Act, the definition of any mixture of elements or mixture of compounds may include a range of percentages of the elements or compounds making up the substance.