Income Tax Amendment Act (No 5) 1992
Income Tax Amendment Act (No 5) 1992
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Income Tax Amendment Act (No 5) 1992
Income Tax Amendment Act (No 5) 1992
Public Act |
1992 No 115 |
|
Date of assent |
14 December 1992 |
|
Contents
An Act to amend the Income Tax Act 1976
BE IT ENACTED by the Parliament of New Zealand as follows:
1 Short Title
This Act may be cited as the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 5) 1992, and shall be read together with and deemed part of the Income Tax Act 1976 (hereinafter referred to as the principal Act).
2 Interpretation
Section 2 of the principal Act is hereby amended by inserting, in their appropriate alphabetical order, the following definitions:
“‘Consolidated group’ has the meaning assigned to that term by section 191d(1) of this Act:
“‘Wholly-owned group’ has the meaning assigned to that term by section 191(4) of this Act.”.
3 Meaning of term “dividends”
(1)
Section 4(1) of the principal Act (as substituted by section 31(1) of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 5) 1988) is hereby amended by repealing paragraph (h).
(2)
Section 4 of the principal Act (as so substituted) is hereby further amended by inserting, after subsection (2), the following subsection:
“(2a)
For the purposes of this Act, where a company has issued a debenture to which section 192 or section 195 of this Act applies the amount in respect of which the debenture is issued shall be deemed to be paid up share capital of the company.”
(3)
This section shall be deemed to have come into force at 8 p.m. New Zealand Standard Time on the 31st day of July 1991, except that subsection (2) shall not apply for the purposes of sections 188 and 191 of the principal Act until the first day of the 1992–93 income year.
4 Interpretation—voting and market value interests
(1)
Section 8b of the principal Act (as inserted by section 7 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by adding to the definition of the term “special corporate entity”
the following paragraph:
“(h)
Any Crown Research Institute within the meaning of section 197j(1) of this Act:”.
(2)
This section shall be deemed to have come into force on the 15th day of June 1992.
5 Incomes wholly exempt from tax
(1)
Section 61(2) of the principal Act is hereby amended by adding, after subparagraph (g), the following subparagraph:
“(h)
Any Crown Research Institute within the meaning of section 197j(1) of this Act:”.
(2)
This section shall be deemed to have come into force on the 15th day of June 1992.
6 Exemption of certain dividends from tax
(1)
Section 63(2e)(h) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 9(3) of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by inserting, after subparagraph (ii), the following subparagraph:
“(iia)
A percentage determined by a combination of the factors referred to in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of this paragraph; or”.
(2)
Section 63(2e)(h) of the principal Act (as so inserted) is hereby further amended—
(a)
By inserting in subparagraph (iii), after the expression “subparagraph (ii)”
, the expression “or subparagraph (iia)”
:
(b)
By omitting from subparagraph (iv) the expression “subparagraph (i) or subparagraph (ii) or subparagraph (iii)”
, and substituting the expression “any of subparagraphs (i) to (iii)”
.
(3)
Section 63 of the principal Act is hereby amended by inserting, after subsection (2j), the following subsections:
“(2k)
Any dividend that—
“(a)
Is derived on or after the 1st day of April 1993 by—
“(i)
A company that is resident in New Zealand; or
“(ii)
The trustee of a group investment fund as Category A income of that fund,—
(such company or trustee being in this subsection and subsection (2l) of this section referred to as the recipient); and
“(b)
Is so derived from a company that is neither a foreign company nor a company that is exempt from income tax (in this subsection and subsection (2l) of this section referred to as the payer)—
shall be exempt from tax where—
“(c)
The recipient and the payer are a wholly-owned group of companies at the time the dividend is derived; and
“(d)
At the time the dividend is derived, either—
“(i)
The recipient and the payer have income years or non-standard accounting years ending with the same balance date; or
“(ii)
Where the recipient and the payer have different balance dates, the Commissioner has, on the application of the recipient or the payer in such form as the Commissioner may allow, determined that this difference is necessary in order to avoid a material distortion of the assessable income calculated under this Act of either that would arise if they had income years or non-standard accounting years ending with the same balance date by causing income and expense for a single business cycle to be reported in different income years; and
“(e)
The dividend is not—
“(i)
Allowed as a deduction under section 194 of this Act in calculating the assessable income of the company paying the dividend; or
“(ii)
A dividend derived by a local authority from any local authority trading enterprise; or
“(iii)
A dividend within the meaning of section 4(1)(ba) of this Act or a dividend (being a dividend which, if the transaction giving rise to the dividend had been effected with a shareholder of the paying company, would have been a dividend within the meaning of section 4(1)(ba) of this Act) within the meaning of section 4(1)(1) of this Act.
“(2l)
Where the Commissioner has made a determination under subsection (2k) of this section, the Commissioner may revoke that determination at any time if the Commissioner considers that the different balance dates of the recipient and the payer—
“(a)
Are no longer necessary in order to avoid a material distortion of the kind referred to in paragraph (d) of that subsection; or
“(b)
Are part of an arrangement entered into by the recipient or the payer to which section 99 of this Act applies,—
and any such revocation shall have effect from the date of its notification in writing to the recipient and the payer or such later date as may be specified by the Commissioner in the notice of revocation.”
(4)
Subsections (1) and (2) of this section shall apply to dividends paid on or after the 1st day of April 1992.
(5)
Subsection (3) of this section shall apply to dividends paid on or after the 1st day of April 1993.
7 Determinations
(1)
Section 64e(1) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 2 of the Income Tax Amendment Act 1987) is hereby amended by inserting, after paragraph (f), the following paragraph:
“(g)
The method for determining under section 191n(4) of this Act the consideration to be taken into account under section 64f of this Act in the case of a disposition of a financial arrangement between members of the same consolidated group of companies;—”.
(2)
Section 64e(2) of the principal Act (as so inserted) is hereby amended by inserting, after the expression “paragraph (f)”
, the expression “or paragraph (g)”
.
8 Income derived from use or occupation of land
(1)
Section 74 of the principal Act (as substituted by section 4 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 4) 1986) is hereby amended by repealing subsection (5), and substituting the following subsection:
“(5)
A sale of land with standing timber thereon, except to the extent that that timber is—
“(a)
Timber comprised in ornamental or incidental trees; or
“(b)
Subject to a forestry right (as defined in section 2 of the Forestry Rights Registration Act 1983) registered under the Land Transfer Act 1952; or
“(c)
Subject to a profit à prendre granted before the 1st day of January 1984,—
shall be deemed to be a sale of timber for the purposes of this section (whether or not the sale includes other land or other assets or the land and timber are assets of a business), and in every such case—
“(d)
The part of the consideration attributable to the timber shall, for the purposes of this section, be determined by the Commissioner and the part of the consideration so determined shall be deemed to be the consideration paid for the timber; and
“(e)
The consideration which under this subsection is deemed to be paid for the timber shall be taken into account in calculating the assessable income of the person selling or otherwise disposing of the land and in calculating the cost of the timber to the person acquiring the land.”
(2)
This section shall apply to sales of land occurring on or after the commencement of the 1992–93 income year.
9 Valuation of trading stock, including livestock
(1)
Section 85(4) of the principal Act is hereby amended by repealing the proviso.
(2)
Section 85 of the principal Act is hereby further amended by inserting, after subsection (4d), the following subsections:
“(4e)
Notwithstanding anything in subsection (4) of this section, where—
“(a)
A company (referred to in this subsection as the taxpayer) resident in New Zealand holds any trading stock at the end of an income year; and
“(b)
The trading stock was previously acquired (referred to in this subsection as the original acquisition) and held by another company (referred to in this subsection as the group company); and
“(c)
At all times from the original acquisition until the end of the income year, the trading stock was held either by the taxpayer or by a company, whether the group company or another company, which was at the relevant time—
“(i)
Resident in New Zealand; and
“(ii)
A member of the same wholly-owned group of companies as the taxpayer; and
“(d)
At the end of the income year, the taxpayer and the group company remain members of the same wholly-owned group of companies; and
“(e)
With respect to the income year, either—
“(i)
The taxpayer and the group company have income years or non-standard accounting years ending with the same balance date; or
“(ii)
Where the taxpayer and the group company have different balance dates, the Commissioner has, on the application of the taxpayer or the group company in such form as the Commissioner may allow, determined that this difference is necessary in order to avoid a material distortion of the assessable income calculated under this Act of either that would arise if they had income years or nonstandard accounting years ending with the same balance date by causing income and expense for a single business cycle to be reported in different income years,—
the taxpayer may elect, by filing accordingly its return of income for the income year, to value the trading stock at the end of the income year in accordance with this section as if it and the group company were one company.
“(4f)
Where—
“(a)
For any income year a taxpayer has elected under subsection (4e) of this section to value an item of trading stock on the basis of the cost of that trading stock to another company; and
“(b)
At any time after the end of that income year the taxpayer and the other company cease to be members of the same wholly-owned group of companies (including by virtue of the other company being wound up); and
“(c)
At that time the taxpayer still holds the trading stock,—
the taxpayer shall be deemed to have disposed of the trading stock immediately prior to that time to a person not associated with the taxpayer and to have immediately thereafter reacquired it, in each case for a consideration equal to the market value of the trading stock at the time (or, where at the time the trading stock has become part of or been absorbed into some other property and its market value cannot separately be determined, equal to its market value when acquired by the taxpayer).”
(3)
Section 11 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992 is hereby consequentially repealed.
(4)
This section shall apply—
(a)
In the case of companies with a standard or late balance date for the 1993–94 income year, with respect to the tax on income derived in the 1993–94 income year and subsequent years:
(b)
In the case of companies with an early balance date for the 1993–94 year, with respect to the tax on income derived in the 1994–95 income year and subsequent years.
10 Valuation of bloodstock
(1)
Section 86h(1a) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 14(1) of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by omitting all the words in paragraph (b) that occur before subparagraph (i), and substituting the words “The bloodstock has not, at any time before it was acquired by the taxpayer, been used for breeding purposes in New Zealand by any other person, except where the person— ”
.
(2)
This section shall apply with respect to the tax on income derived in the 1991–92 income year and subsequent years.
11 Deduction for expenditure or loss incurred in production of income from employment
(1)
Section 105(2) of the principal Act (as substituted by section 9(1) of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1988) is hereby amended by omitting the words “, except as expressly provided in this Act,”
.
(2)
This section shall apply with respect to the tax on income derived in the 1992–93 income year and subsequent years.
12 Companies included in group of companies
(1)
Section 191(1) of the principal Act (as substituted by section 25 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by omitting all the words appearing after the words “to those circumstances where”
, and substituting the words “at all times during the income year in which the loss was incurred and all succeeding income years (if any) up to and including the year in which the loss was set off, the company incurring the loss and the other company were, at least to the extent of 66 percent, commonly owned (whether or not always during such period by the same group of persons)”
.
(2)
Section 191(3)(b) of the principal Act (as so substituted) is hereby amended by inserting, after the words “group of persons”
, the words “(whether or not always during that income year or other period the same group of persons)”
.
(3)
Section 191 of the principal Act (as so substituted) is hereby amended by repealing subsection (4), and substituting the following subsection:
“(4)
For the purposes of this Act, references to any 2 or more companies being at any time or for any period a wholly-owned group of companies shall mean any 2 or more companies which would be a group of companies at that time or for that period if—
“(a)
The references in subsection (3) of this section to 66 percent were instead references to 100 percent; or
“(b)
The companies would be a wholly-owned group of companies pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection if—
“(i)
Any nominal shareholding held by any person solely for the purpose of complying with the requirements of company law were disregarded; or
“(ii)
The shares in any such company held by the trustee of, or held by employees or former employees of the company as a consequence of the operation of, any employee share purchase scheme within the meaning of section 166 of this Act were disregarded to the extent that the shares so held by any such trustee or employees or former employees—
“(A)
Represent no more than 3 percent of the voting interests in the company; and
“(B)
In any case where at that time or during that period a market value circumstance exists in respect of the company, represent no more than 3 percent of the market value interests in the company.”
(4)
Section 191 of the principal Act (as so substituted) is hereby amended by repealing subsection (7).
(5)
Subsections (1) and (2) of this section shall apply with respect to the tax on income derived in the 1992–93 income year and subsequent years.
(6)
Subsection (3) of this section shall apply with respect to the 1992–93 income year and subsequent years.
(7)
Subsection (4) of this section shall apply—
(a)
In the case of companies with a standard or late balance date for the 1993–94 income year, with respect to the tax on income derived in the 1993–94 income year and subsequent years:
(b)
In the case of companies with an early balance date for the 1993–94 year, with respect to the tax on income derived in the 1994–95 income year and subsequent years.
13 New heading and sections inserted
(1)
The principal Act is hereby amended by inserting, after section 191b (as inserted by section 26 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992), the following heading and sections:
“Consolidated Groups
“191c Purpose and application of consolidated grouping provisions
Subject always to the express provisions of sections 191d to 191wc of this Act, those sections are intended to result in the provisions of this Act applying, except where otherwise expressly provided or where the context otherwise requires, to 2 or more companies which are a wholly-owned group of companies that elect to be treated as a consolidated group of companies as if those companies were a single company, and this Act shall be read accordingly.
“191d Interpretation
“(1)
For the purposes of this section and sections 191e to 191wc of this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—
“‘Consolidated group’ means, at any time, a consolidated group formed under section 191f of this Act and as at that time constituted:
“‘Eligible company’ means, at any time, a company which is at that time resident in New Zealand and is not—
“(a)
A company which, pursuant to provisions of arrangements to which effect is given by an Order in Council made under section 294 of this Act, is treated as not being resident in New Zealand for the purpose of the arrangements; or
“(b)
A company which is exempt from income tax (including any local authority that is not a local authority trading enterprise); or
“(c)
A loss attributing qualifying company within the meaning of section 393n of this Act:
“‘Financial arrangement’ has the meaning assigned to that term by section 64b(1) of this Act:
“‘Nominated company’, in relation to any consolidated group, means the company for the time being nominated under section 191f(2) or section 191h of this Act as agent of the group:
“‘Trading stock’ has the meaning assigned to that term by section 85(1) of this Act.
“(2)
For the purposes of sections 191c to 191wc of this Act,—
“(a)
Terms defined in section 245a of this Act (other than the term ‘income tax’) have the meanings so defined unless the context otherwise requires; and
“(b)
Any reference in sections 191e to 191wc of this Act to—
“(i)
Income, including attributed foreign income or foreign investment fund income, derived by a consolidated group; or
“(ii)
A loss, including an attributed foreign loss or a foreign investment fund loss, incurred by a consolidated group; or
“(iii)
Tax payable by a consolidated group; or
“(iv)
A tax credit available to a consolidated group,—
shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be interpreted as a reference to such income, loss, tax payable, or tax credit available determined in respect of that consolidated group on a single assessment basis in accordance with those sections as if the group were one company.
“(3)
For the purposes of the application of those provisions of sections 191c to 191wc of this Act that require provisions of this Act to apply to a consolidated group as if it were a single company, the shares or options over shares in respect of that single company shall be deemed to comprise all shares or options over shares in respect of companies which were at the relevant time members of that consolidated group.
“(4)
Notwithstanding any provision of sections 191c to 191wc of this Act other than any such provision that expressly otherwise provides, dividends paid by one member of a consolidated group to another member of the group shall continue to be taken into account for the purposes of sections 191s to 191ud and Parts XIIa to XIIc of this Act.
“(5)
For the purposes of sections 191s to 191wc of this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—
“(a)
Terms defined in sections 394a(1), 394zk(1), 394zzm(1), and 394zzy(1) of this Act shall have the meanings as so defined:
“(b)
The definition of the term ‘dividends’ in section 394zk(2) of this Act shall, notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this subsection, apply for the purposes of section 191t of this Act:
“(c)
Sections 394a(3) and (5), 394zk(4), and 394zzy(3) of this Act shall apply as if references in those provisions—
“(i)
To Part XIIa of this Act were references to sections 191s to 191sd of this Act:
“(ii)
To Part XIIb of this Act were references to sections 191t to 191ud of this Act:
“(iii)
To Part XIIc of this Act were references to sections 191v to 191vc of this Act:
“(iv)
To Part XIId of this Act were references to sections 191w to 191wc of this Act.
“(6)
Except where the context otherwise requires, any reference in this section or in sections 191e to 191wc of this Act to an income year includes a reference to any corresponding non-standard accounting year.
“191e Companies which may constitute a consolidated group
For the purposes of this Act, any 2 or more eligible companies are entitled to be members of the same consolidated group at any time only where—
“(a)
At that time those companies are a wholly-owned group of companies; and
“(b)
If at that time any of the companies has a non-standard balance date, at that time all the companies have the same non-standard balance date; and
“(c)
If at that time any of the companies is a qualifying company within the meaning of section 393b of this Act, at that time all the companies are qualifying companies; and
“(d)
At that time, no shares in those companies have—
“(i)
Been subject to any arrangement or series of related or connected arrangements; or
“(ii)
Had any rights attaching to them extinguished or altered, directly or indirectly, by any means whatever,—
in either case for the purpose, or for purposes including the purpose, of enabling the companies to be entitled to be members of the same consolidated group so as to defeat the intent and application of sections 191c to 191wc of this Act.
“191f Formation of consolidated group
“(1)
Any 2 or more eligible companies that are entitled to be members of the same consolidated group may elect to form and be treated as a consolidated group for the purposes of this Act by giving notice in writing to the Commissioner in such form as the Commissioner may approve.
“(2)
Any notice given under subsection (1) of this section
“(a)
Nominate one of the companies as agent of the consolidated group for the purposes of this Act; and
“(b)
Contain an agreement by each company to be jointly and severally liable with other members of the consolidated group for any income tax payable by the consolidated group (which agreement may be expressed as subject to, or in terms of an approval given under, the provisions of section 191l(2) to (5) of this Act).
“(3)
Where any 2 or more companies have elected under this section to form a consolidated group, those companies shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as members of a consolidated group from—
“(a)
The beginning of the income year immediately succeeding that in which the notice is received by the Commissioner; or
“(b)
If the notice—
“(i)
Is received by the Commissioner within 63 working days after the beginning of an income year, or within such further period as the Commissioner may allow under subsection (6) of this section; and
“(ii)
Specifies that the election should apply for that income year,—
the beginning of that income year.
“(4)
Notwithstanding subsection (3) of this section, where—
“(a)
Any 2 or more companies that have elected under this section to form a consolidated group are each incorporated or otherwise formed during the same income year; and
“(b)
The notice of election—
“(i)
Is received by the Commissioner within 63 working days after the latest of those incorporations or other formations, or within such further period as the Commissioner may allow under subsection (6) of this section; and
“(ii)
Specifies that the election should apply for the income year in which the incorporations or other formations occurred,—
those companies shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as members of a consolidated group from the first day of that income year.
“(5)
Notwithstanding subsection (3) of this section, where—
“(a)
Any 2 or more companies have in any income year elected under this section to form a consolidated group during that income year; and
“(b)
The notice of election—
“(i)
Is received by the Commissioner within 63 working days after the date the companies first became entitled to so elect, or within such further period as the Commissioner may allow under subsection (6) of this section; and
“(ii)
Specifies that the election should apply from that date of first entitlement,—
those companies shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as members of a consolidated group from that date of first entitlement provided that adequate part year accounts in respect of each company’s assessable income or loss for each relevant part year are furnished to the Commissioner in accordance with section 191k of this Act.
“(6)
The Commissioner may in any particular case extend the period of 63 working days specified in any of subsections (3)(b), (4)(b), and (5)(b) of this section where the relevant company or companies satisfy the Commissioner that in all the circumstances the notice of election could not reasonably be expected to be, or to have been, furnished within that period.
“(7)
Nothing in this section shall apply to treat as members of a consolidated group any 2 companies that have made an election under this section unless—
“(a)
In the case of companies to which subsection (3)(a) of this section would apply, the companies remain eligible companies entitled to be members of the same consolidated group at the beginning of the income year referred to in that provision; or
“(b)
In the case of companies to which any of subsections (3)(b), (4), and (5) of this section would apply, the companies (once in existence) are eligible companies entitled to be members of the same consolidated group throughout the period that—
“(i)
Commences with the date on which they would, under the relevant one of those provisions, be treated as being members of a consolidated group; and
“(ii)
Ends with the date on which the notice of election is received by the Commissioner.
“(8)
Subsection (5) of this section shall not apply where it can reasonably be concluded that any arrangement has been entered into for the purpose, or for purposes including the purpose, of enabling the company to meet the requirements of that subsection so as to defeat the intent and application of sections 191c to 191wc of this Act.
“191g Company may not be member of more than one consolidated group
“(1)
No company may at any time be a member of more than one consolidated group.
“(2)
Where any company would, but for this section, be treated at any time as being a member of more than one consolidated group, either—
“(a)
The company shall be treated as being at that time a member only of the group of which it was first a member; or
“(b)
Where paragraph (a) of this subsection does not apply by virtue of a company becoming a member of 2 or more groups simultaneously, the company shall be treated as being a member only of such one of the consolidated groups as the Commissioner may specify having regard to all the circumstances.
“191h Nominated companies
“(1)
The nominated company for a consolidated group at any time shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as the agent at that time of the consolidated group and of each company which is at that time a member of the consolidated group, except where this Act otherwise expressly provides or the context otherwise requires.
“(2)
No company shall be at any time a nominated company for a consolidated group unless, at that time, that company is a member of that consolidated group.
“(3)
Where any company which is at any time a nominated company for a consolidated group gives notice in writing to the Commissioner in such form as the Commissioner may approve that it is to cease to be the agent for that group and that another company is to become the agent for that group, the notifying company shall cease to be the agent for the group, and the other company shall become the agent for the group, from the date of receipt by the Commissioner of the notice or from such later date as may be specified in the notice.
“191i Joining an existing consolidated group
“(1)
Where at any time—
“(a)
Any 2 or more companies have formed a consolidated group; and
“(b)
At least one company remains a member of that consolidated group,—
any other eligible company which is at that time entitled to be a member of the same consolidated group may elect to join and be treated as a member of that consolidated group by giving notice in writing to the Commissioner in such form as the Commissioner may allow.
“(2)
Any such notice shall contain the agreement of the company to be jointly and severally liable for any income tax payable by the consolidated group (which agreement may be expressed as subject to, or in terms of an approval given under, the provisions of section 191l(2) to (5) of this Act).
“(3)
A company that has elected to join and be treated as a member of a consolidated group shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as a member of the consolidated group from—
“(a)
The beginning of the income year immediately succeeding the income year in which the notice is received by the Commissioner; or
“(b)
If the notice—
“(i)
Is received by the Commissioner within 63 working days after the beginning of an income year, or within such further period as the Commissioner may allow under subsection (6) of this section; and
“(ii)
Specifies that the election should apply for that income year,—
the beginning of that income year.
“(4)
Notwithstanding subsection (3) of this section, where—
“(a)
An eligible company makes an election to join and be treated as a member of a consolidated group in the income year in which that company is incorporated or otherwise formed; and
“(b)
The notice of election—
“(i)
Is received by the Commissioner within 63 working days after the date of that incorporation or other formation, or within such further period as the Commissioner may allow under subsection (6) of this section; and
“(ii)
Specifies that the election should apply for the income year in which the incorporation or other formation occurs,—
that company shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as a member of the consolidated group from the first day of that income year.
“(5)
Notwithstanding subsection (3) of this section, where—
“(a)
A company first becomes entitled to be a member of a specified consolidated group at any time during an income year; and
“(b)
The notice of election to join the group—
“(i)
Is received by the Commissioner within 63 working days after that date of first entitlement, or within such further period as the Commissioner may allow under subsection (6) of this section; and
“(ii)
Specifies that the election should apply from that date of first entitlement,—
the company shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as a member of the consolidated group from that date of first entitlement provided that adequate part year accounts in respect of the company’s assessable income or loss for each relevant part year are furnished to the Commissioner in accordance with section 191k of this Act.
“(6)
The Commissioner may in any particular case extend the period of 63 working days specified in any of subsections (3)(b), (4)(b), and (5)(b) of this section where the company satisfies the Commissioner that in all the circumstances the notice of election could not reasonably be expected to be, or to have been, furnished within that period.
“(7)
Nothing in this section shall apply to treat a company as a member of a consolidated group unless—
“(a)
In the case of a company to which subsection (3)(a) of this section would apply,—
“(i)
The company remains an eligible company entitled to be a member of the consolidated group at the beginning of the income year referred to in that provision; and
“(ii)
At least one other company remains a member of the consolidated group until the beginning of that income year; or
“(b)
In the case of a company to which any of subsections (3)(b), (4), and (5) of this section would apply, the company is an eligible company entitled to be a member of the consolidated group throughout the period that—
“(i)
Commences with the date on which the company would, under the relevant one of those subsections, be treated as being a member of the consolidated group; and
“(ii)
Ends with the date on which the company’s notice of election to join the group is received by the Commissioner.
“(8)
Subsection (5) of this section shall not apply where it can reasonably be concluded that any arrangement has been entered into for the purpose, or for purposes including the purpose, of enabling the company to meet the requirements of that subsection so as to defeat the intent and application of sections 191c to 191wc of this Act.
“191j Leaving a consolidated group
“(1)
A company that is a member of a consolidated group shall cease to be a member of that group if—
“(a)
The company so elects, by notice in writing to the Commissioner in such form as the Commissioner may approve; or
“(b)
The company ceases to be an eligible company; or
“(c)
The company, not being the nominated company for the consolidated group, ceases to be entitled to be a member of the same consolidated group as the nominated company; or
“(d)
The company is a member of a consolidated group that has ceased to have a nominated company.
“(2)
A company that elects to cease to be a member of a consolidated group shall be treated as having ceased to be a member of the group with effect from—
“(a)
The beginning of the income year in which the notice of election is received by the Commissioner (or, where appropriate, such later time as the company was first treated as being a member of the group); or
“(b)
If the company so specifies in the notice of election, the beginning of the income year immediately succeeding that in which the notice was furnished to the Commissioner (or, where appropriate, such earlier time as the company is treated under this section as having ceased to be a member of the group).
“(3)
A company that ceases to be an eligible company shall be treated as having ceased to be a member of the consolidated group with effect from—
“(a)
The beginning of the income year during which the company ceased to be an eligible company (or, where appropriate, such later time as the company was first treated as being a member of the group); or
“(b)
If subsection (6) of this section applies, the beginning of the day on which the company ceased to be an eligible company.
“(4)
Where any company, not being the nominated company for the consolidated group, ceases to be entitled to be a member of the same consolidated group as the nominated company, the company shall be treated as having ceased to be a member of the group with effect from—
“(a)
The beginning of the income year during which the cessation occurred (or, where appropriate, such later time as the company was first treated as being a member of the group); or
“(b)
If subsection (6) of this section applies in respect of the company, the beginning of the day on which the cessation of entitlement occurred.
“(5)
Where at any time during an income year there is no nominated company for a consolidated group, all the companies in the group shall be treated as having ceased to be members of the group with effect from the beginning of the income year:
“Provided that neither this subsection nor subsection (1)(d) of this section shall apply where—
“(a)
The nominated company ceases to be such by reason of being wound up; and
“(b)
Within 20 working days after that winding up, or within such further period as the Commissioner may allow, the other companies in the group have selected another nominated company and notified the Commissioner accordingly (in which case the selected company shall be treated as the nominated company with effect from the time of the winding
“(6)
Notwithstanding subsections (3) and (4) of this section, where—
“(a)
A company which has at any time been a member of a consolidated group first ceases—
“(i)
To be an eligible company; or
“(ii)
To be entitled to be a member of the same consolidated group as the nominated company of the group—
at any time during an income year (such time being referred to in this subsection as the time of cessation); and
“(b)
The company elects, by notice in writing to the Commissioner in such form as the Commissioner may allow, that this subsection should apply with respect to the company, the consolidated group, and the income year; and
“(c)
The notice is received by the Commissioner within 20 working days after the time of cessation, or within such further period as the Commissioner may allow as reasonable in all the circumstances,—
the company shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as ceasing to be a member of the consolidated group with effect from the time of cessation provided that adequate part year accounts in respect of the company’s assessable income or loss for each relevant part year are furnished to the Commissioner in accordance with section 191k of this Act.
“(7)
Subsection (6) of this section shall not apply where it can reasonably be concluded that any arrangement has been entered into for the purpose, or for purposes including the purpose, of enabling the company to meet the requirements of that subsection so as to defeat the intent and application of sections 191c to 191wc of this Act.
“(8)
Where a company ceases to be a member of a consolidated group by virtue only of being wound up,—
“(a)
Nothing in subsections (2) to (4) of this section shall apply to treat the company as having so ceased to be a member with effect from the beginning of the income year in which the winding up occurred; and
“(b)
Nothing in subsection (6) of this section shall apply to require the furnishing of adequate part year accounts in relation to the company.
“(9)
If at any time a consolidated group ceases to have any member company or companies, that consolidated group shall be treated as having ceased to exist.
“191k Part year accounts and part year income allocation
“(1)
Where a company joins or leaves a consolidated group part way through an income year, or is or has been a member of a consolidated group that is formed or ceases to exist part way through an income year, any part year accounts with respect to the company required to be furnished by any of sections 191f(5), 191i(5), and 191j(6) of this Act shall—
“(a)
Be incorporated in the return of income for the income year furnished to the Commissioner—
“(i)
By the company, where such part year accounts are for a period in which the company is not a member of any consolidated group; or
“(ii)
By the consolidated group, where such part year accounts are for a period in which the company is a member of the consolidated group; or
“(iii)
By any other consolidated group, where such part year accounts are for a period in which the company is a member of another consolidated group; and
“(b)
Sufficiently detail in accordance with subsection (2) of this section the assessable income, and deductions able to be claimed against assessable income (and where required the income tax payable), of the company in respect of any relevant part of the income year.
“(2)
The assessable income of, loss incurred by, or income tax payable by a company in respect of a part of an income year referred to in subsection (1) of this section shall be determined, to the extent fair and reasonable and with any necessary modifications, by treating that part year as a complete income year for the purposes of applying the provisions of this Act.
“191l Returns, assessments, and liability of consolidated group
“(1)
Where and to the extent that any one or more companies are in any income year members of the same consolidated group,—
“(a)
The nominated company shall make a single return of income derived in that income year by those companies and those companies shall not make separate returns of income derived in that income year, except to the extent that any such company is not a member of the group for part of the income year; and
“(b)
That single return of income shall, if the Commissioner so requires, include such form of accounts detailing the separate affairs of each of those companies as the Commissioner may specify; and
“(c)
For the purposes of determining the availability under this Act of credits against income tax payable by the consolidated group in respect of that income year, the group shall be treated as if it were a single company; and
“(d)
The Commissioner shall make a single assessment of the income derived by those companies in that income year, and shall not make separate assessments of the income derived by each company in that income year except to the extent that any such company is not a member of the group for part of the income year,—
and each of those companies shall, subject to this section, be jointly and severally liable for the amount of income tax so assessed by the Commissioner in respect of that consolidated group and that income year, and that joint and several liability shall be in substitution for any liability of those companies under this Act individually in respect of income derived in that income year (to the extent derived while the company is a member of the consolidated group).
“(2)
Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to impose on a company that has ceased to be a member of a consolidated group joint and several liability for any amount of income tax assessed by the Commissioner in respect of the consolidated group and any income year to the extent that—
“(a)
The assessment is made by the Commissioner after the later of—
“(i)
The date on which the company is treated for the purposes of this Act as having ceased to be a member of the group; and
“(ii)
The date on which occurred the event that caused the company to cease to be treated as a member of the group; and
“(b)
The amount of income tax so assessed exceeds the amount (if any) assessed by the Commissioner before that date in respect of the consolidated group and the income year; and
“(c)
The Commissioner is satisfied that the application of this subsection will not significantly prejudice any recovery or likely recovery of any amount of income tax for the income year, and notifies the company and the consolidated group in writing accordingly.
“(3)
The nominated company of a consolidated group may, at any time before the Commissioner makes an assessment of income tax in respect of the consolidated group and any income year, apply to the Commissioner requesting that only one or more specified companies in the consolidated group be treated as jointly and severally liable for the income tax liability of that group for that income year.
“(4)
The Commissioner shall give written approval of any application made under subsection (3) of this section where satisfied that recovery or likely recovery of income tax assessed for that income year will not be significantly prejudiced by limiting the joint and several liability for that tax to the company or companies specified in the application.
“(5)
Where the Commissioner approves an application under subsection (4) of this section,—
“(a)
Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to impose on any company other than the companies specified in the Commissioner’s written approval joint and several liability for income tax assessed in respect of the consolidated group for the income year to which the approval relates, except to the extent that—
“(i)
The specified companies default in meeting their liability for such income tax assessed; and
“(ii)
The Commissioner determines that the tax liability of the consolidated group that is attributable to the assessable income of the other company is to be recovered from the other company; and
“(b)
Section 191q(1) of this Act shall not apply to impose on any company other than the companies specified in the Commissioner’s written approval joint and several liability for the amount of provisional tax payable by the consolidated group for the income year to which the approval relates.
“191m Assessable income to be calculated generally as if group were a single company
“(1)
Notwithstanding any other section of this Act, for the purposes of ensuring that a consolidated group is generally liable to income tax as if it were a single company, when calculating the assessable income for all or part of any income year of a company which is for that income year or part income year a member of the consolidated group (that year or part year being in this subsection referred to as the relevant period) to be included in the group return of income under section 191l of this Act,—
“(a)
Assessable income derived in the relevant period by the company that—
“(i)
Is derived from a transaction or other arrangement with any other company that is a member of the same consolidated group; and
“(ii)
Would not be assessable income if the company and the other company were one company,—
shall not be taken into account except to the extent that—
“(iii)
It arises by virtue of a disposition of trading stock of the company; or
“(iv)
It arises under section 64f of this Act by virtue of a disposition of a financial arrangement to which sections 64b to 64l of this Act apply; and
“(b)
Any expenditure or loss incurred in the relevant period by the company that—
“(i)
Is incurred by virtue of a payment or disposition to, or other transaction or arrangement with, any other company that is a member of the consolidated group; and
“(ii)
Would not be deductible expenditure or loss if the company and the other company were one company,—
shall not be taken into account except—
“(iii)
To the extent that it arises by virtue of an acquisition of trading stock by the company; or
“(iv)
For the purposes of and in accordance with section 191n of this Act; and
“(c)
Where any expenditure or loss or depreciation incurred in the relevant period by the company (not being expenditure or loss that is not to be taken into account by virtue of paragraph (b) of this subsection)—
“(i)
Would not be deductible in calculating assessable income but for this paragraph; and
“(ii)
Would be deductible if the consolidated group were one company by virtue of any connection between the incurring of that expenditure or loss or depreciation and the gaining or producing of assessable income or the carrying on of any business by any other member of the consolidated group,—
the expenditure or loss or depreciation shall be deductible in calculating the assessable income for the relevant period; and
“(d)
Where any expenditure or loss or depreciation incurred in the relevant period by the company (not being expenditure or loss that is not to be taken into account by virtue of paragraph (b) of this subsection)—
“(i)
Would be deductible in calculating assessable income but for this paragraph; and
“(ii)
Would not be deductible if the consolidated group were one company,—
the expenditure or loss or depreciation shall not be deductible in calculating the assessable income for the relevant period, except to the extent that it is interest in respect of money borrowed from a person that is not a member of the consolidated group and—
“(iii)
Is deductible under section 106(1)(h)(ii) of this Act; or
“(iv)
Would be deductible under section 106(1)(h)(ii) of this Act if the company were deemed for the purposes of that section to have used the money borrowed (to the extent of the actual acquisition cost) to acquire certain shares in fact acquired by another member of the consolidated group using (having regard to interposed intra-group borrowings) the money borrowed; and
“(e)
Where any profit or gain derived in the relevant period by the company—
“(i)
Would not be assessable income but for this paragraph; and
“(ii)
Would be assessable income if the consolidated group were one company, by virtue of any purpose for which any property was acquired or any connection between the derivation of that profit or gain and the carrying on of a business by any other member of the consolidated group or otherwise,—
the profit or gain shall be treated as assessable income for the relevant period; and
“(f)
In applying any provision of this Act (such as section 64c(2a)) whose application is dependent upon whether a specified limit is or is not exceeded, the consolidated group shall be treated as if it were a single company.
“(2)
Where—
“(a)
Any company which is a member of a consolidated group of companies incurs any expenditure or loss; and
“(b)
That expenditure or loss would, if the group of companies were a single company, be taken into account under this Act in determining the cost of any property; and
“(c)
But for the application of this subsection, that expenditure or loss would not be taken into account in determining under this Act the cost of any property of a member of the consolidated group,—
that expenditure or loss shall be taken into account in determining the cost of any property of members of the consolidated group.
“191n Special provisions relating to dispositions of property
“(1)
Where any company (in this subsection referred to as the transferor) disposes of any property to another company (in this subsection referred to as the transferee) that is a member of the same consolidated group when the disposition takes place, being property that is—
“(a)
Property in respect of which the transferor has claimed in income years prior to, or will claim in, the income year in which the disposition takes place a deduction for an amount—
“(i)
On account of depreciation under section 108 of this Act; or
“(ii)
On account of amortisation of expenditure under section 137 or section 142 of this Act or under any other provision of this Act which has similar intent and application to sections 108, 137, and 142 of this Act (such other provisions being in this section referred to as other amortisation provisions)—
in calculating the assessable income of the transferor (such property being in this section referred to as depreciating property); or
“(b)
Any property (being neither trading stock for either the transferor or the transferee, nor a financial arrangement to which sections 64b to 64l of this Act apply) where, if the transferor or transferee were to dispose of that property for a profit or gain, that profit or gain would (but for this section or section 191m of this Act) be required to be taken into account in calculating the assessable income of the transferor or transferee,—
then, for the purposes of determining under section 65(2)(e) or section 67 of this Act or otherwise any amount of assessable income derived or loss incurred on any subsequent disposal of the property, and determining the amounts of deductions in respect of depreciation or amortisation of the acquisition cost of the property under any of sections 108, 137, and 142 of this Act or any other amortisation provisions of this Act,—
“(c)
The transferee shall be deemed to have acquired the property on the day on which it was acquired by the transferor; and
“(d)
The transferee shall be deemed to have acquired the property from the transferor for consideration equal to the aggregate of the following amounts of expenditure incurred by the transferor in respect of the property before the disposition to the transferee in fact takes place, being in every case expenditure in respect of which no deduction has been allowed under this Act (other than by way of a deduction in respect of the depreciation or amortisation of the acquisition cost of the property under any of sections 108, 137, and 142 of this Act or any other amortisation provisions of this Act):
“(i)
The original purchase price of the property; and
“(ii)
Any expenditure incurred in purchasing or improving the property; and
“(iii)
Any expenditure incurred in securing or improving the legal rights of the transferor in relation to the property.
“(2)
Where any company (in this subsection referred to as the transferor) disposes or any depreciating property to another company (in this subsection referred to as the transferee) that is a member of the same consolidated group when the disposition takes place, for the purposes of sections 108, 117, 137, 142 and any other amortisation provisions of this Act in respect of the calculation of the assessable income of the transferee, the transferee shall be deemed to have been allowed (as if in the calculating of that assessable income derived by the transferee) deductions for depreciation or under section 137 or section 142 of this Act or any other amortisation provision of the same amounts as, in respect of or in relation to the property, have been allowed or deducted in calculating the assessable income derived by the transferor.
“(3)
Where and to the extent that in any income year—
“(a)
A company (in this subsection referred to as the transferor)—
“(i)
Disposes of any land; or
“(ii)
Ceases to carry on a business; and
“(b)
But for this subsection, the disposal or cessation would prevent the transferor from being entitled to a deduction under any of sections 128a to 128c of this Act; and
“(c)
After the disposal or cessation and for the remainder of the income year—
“(i)
The land is held; or
“(ii)
The business is carried on,—
by another company which is a member of the same consolidated group as the transferor for the whole of the income year,—
the transferor shall not be prevented by the disposal or cessation from being entitled to such deduction.
“(4)
Where any company (in this subsection referred to as the transferor) disposes of any financial arrangement to which sections 64b to 64l of this Act apply to another company (in this subsection referred to as the transferee) that is a member of the same consolidated group when the disposition takes place, then, notwithstanding section 64j of this Act, for the purposes of—
“(a)
Section 64f of this Act in respect of the transferor; and
“(b)
This Act generally in calculating the assessable income of the transferee,—
the consideration for which the disposition has taken place shall be deemed to equal—
“(c)
In any case where the method of calculating income or expenditure in respect of the financial arrangement under section 64c of this Act remains the same notwithstanding the disposition, such amount as will result in the base price adjustment in relation to the transferor calculated in respect of the disposition under section 64f of this Act being—
“(i)
Such amount (whether negative, positive, or a nil amount) as will result effectively in a fair and reasonable allocation, having regard to the tenor of section 64c of this Act, between the transferor and the transferee, of the income or expenditure which would have been deemed to be derived or incurred by the transferor in respect of the financial arrangement in the income year in which the disposition takes place had the disposition not taken place; or
“(ii)
Nil in any case where—
“(A)
The nominated company of the group so elects by filing accordingly the group’s return of income for the income year; and
“(B)
The transferor and the transferee are members of the same consolidated group for the whole of the income year; and
“(C)
Neither the transferor nor the transferee is entitled, under section 188 of this Act, to claim to carry forward to the income year and deduct or set off any loss incurred by the company in any preceding income year (except where the whole of such loss may be deducted from the assessable income of the consolidated group for the income year under section 191o of this Act); and
“(d)
In any other case, the market value of the financial arrangement at the date of disposition.
“(5)
Where—
“(a)
Any company (in this subsection referred to as the transferor) disposes of any trading stock to another company (in this subsection referred to as the transferee) that is a member of the same consolidated group when the disposition takes place; and
“(b)
In any case where the trading stock is not an excepted financial arrangement (as defined in section 64b of this Act),—
“(i)
The nominated company has elected that this subsection should apply, by notice in writing to the Commissioner in such form as the Commissioner may approve given within the time within which the consolidated group is required to furnish a return of income for that income year or within such further time as the Commissioner may allow; and
“(ii)
The Commissioner is satisfied that the property and its ownership at any time will be able to be specifically identified,—
then, for the purposes of calculation of the assessable income of the transferor and the transferee, the consideration for which the disposition has taken place shall be deemed to be—
“(c)
In any case where the trading stock was held by the transferor at the beginning of the income year, the value of such trading stock as at the beginning of the income year as determined in accordance with section 85 of this Act; and
“(d)
In any other case, the cost to the transferor of that trading stock.
“(6)
For the purpose of bringing into account tax liabilities arising from dispositions of property within a consolidated group to the extent that they have not previously been taken into account by virtue of this section or section 191m(1) of this Act, where at any time—
“(a)
A company ceases to be a member of a consolidated group (other than by virtue only of being wound up); and
“(b)
The company holds any property (whether that property is held as a separate item of property or is part of some other property) which has at any time been the subject of a disposition between members of that consolidated group to which any of subsections (1), (2), (4)(c), and (5) of this section has applied,—
then, for the purposes of this Act, the company shall be deemed to have disposed of that item of property immediately prior to that time to a person not associated with the company and to have immediately thereafter re-acquired it, in each case for a consideration equal to the market value of that property at that time.
“(7)
For the purposes of subsection (6) of this section, where—
“(a)
Any property to which that subsection applies is, at the time of the disposition deemed to occur under that subsection, part of or absorbed into some other property; and
“(b)
Its market value at that time cannot separately be determined,—
it shall be treated as if disposed of and re-acquired for a consideration equal to its market value at the time of the disposition to which any of subsections (1), (2), (4)(c), and (5) of this section has applied (or, if there has been more than one such disposition between members of the consolidated group, equal to its market value at the time of the latest in time of such dispositions at which its market value can separately be determined), and the treatment under this Act of that other property shall be adjusted accordingly.
“(8)
Where and to the extent that—
“(a)
Any company (in this subsection referred to as the transferor) disposes of any shares in another company (in this subsection referred to as the related company); and
“(b)
Either—
“(i)
If the transferor were to derive a profit or gain from that disposition, that profit or gain would be assessable income to the transferor (not being assessable income not taken into account by virtue of section 191m of this Act); or
“(ii)
If the transferor were to incur a loss on that disposition, that loss would be deductible in calculating the assessable income of the transferor (not being a loss not taken into account by virtue of section 191m of this Act); and
“(c)
The consideration received by the transferor for that disposition is lower than the consideration that would have been received in an arms-length disposition had not any reduction in the value of the net assets of the related company occurred as a result of any one or more dividends, distributions, payments, arrangements, or transactions between the related company and any other company that was at the time of the dividend, distribution, payment, arrangement, or transaction a member of the same consolidated group as the related company,—
for the purposes of this Act the consideration received by the transferor shall be deemed to be equal to the consideration that would have been received in an arms-length disposition had that reduction in value not occurred.
“(9)
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, where—
“(a)
Any company joins a consolidated group; and
“(b)
At the time of joining that consolidated group the company holds any property; and
“(c)
After joining the consolidated group, the company disposes of the property to another member of the consolidated group; and
“(d)
Any of subsections (1), (2), (4)(c), and (5) of this section would apply to that disposition but for the application of this subsection; and
“(e)
After the time of that disposition, the company ceases to be a member of the consolidated group (including by virtue of being wound up); and
“(f)
It can reasonably be concluded that there was an arrangement having a purpose or effect of defeating the intent and application of sections 191c to 191wc of this Act which involved that company joining the consolidated group, disposing of the property, and ceasing to be a member of the consolidated group,—
the relevant subsection of this section which would have applied to that disposition but for the application of this subsection shall not apply to that disposition.
“191o Loss carry forward and grouping by consolidated group and consolidated group members
“(1)
Subject to this section, sections 188 to 188c, 191, and 191a of this Act shall apply, with any necessary modifications, in respect of a consolidated group as if the consolidated group were a single company, and the assessable income of the consolidated group shall be determined accordingly.
“(2)
Where any consolidated group incurs a loss in an income year, no part of that loss shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as a loss incurred by any individual member company of that consolidated group.
“(3)
Where a company that is in an income year a member of a consolidated group is entitled under section 188 of this Act to claim to carry forward to that income year and deduct or set off to the extent of assessable income derived in that year (in this subsection referred to as the specified year) any loss incurred by the company in any preceding income year,—
“(a)
That loss shall, subject to subsections (4), (5), and (6) of this section, be deducted from the assessable income, if any, derived in the specified year by the consolidated group so far as that assessable income extends; and
“(b)
Only so far as it has not been so deducted, shall be eligible to be—
“(i)
Deducted or set off in accordance with section 188 of this Act or this section from assessable income of the company or of any other consolidated group derived in the specified year; or
“(ii)
Carried forward by the company in accordance with section 188 of this Act to any succeeding income year; or
“(iii)
Treated, for the purposes of section 191a of this Act, as a loss of the company carried forward to the specified year, in which event such loss may be subject of an election or agreement under section 191a(2) of this Act in respect of the assessable income of any other company (other than the consolidated group).
“(4)
Where losses incurred by a consolidated group or by one or more member companies of the group are permitted under section 188 of this Act or required under this section to be deducted from the assessable income, if any, derived in an income year by a consolidated group, those losses shall—
“(a)
If incurred in 2 or more income years, be deducted in the same order as incurred; and
“(b)
If incurred in the same income year, be deducted, so far as the assessable income extends,—
“(i)
In the order elected by the consolidated group by notice to the Commissioner in such form as the Commissioner may allow; or
“(ii)
If no such election is made, on a pro rata basis.
“(5)
In any case where—
“(a)
Subsection (3) of this section would, except to the extent of the application of this subsection and subsection (6) of this section, require the whole or part of the loss of any company incurred by the company in any income year (in this subsection referred to as the preceding loss year) to be deducted from the assessable income, if any, derived by a consolidated group in a subsequent year (in this subsection referred to as the subsequent year); and
“(b)
The company was not a member of the same group of companies, for the preceding loss year or any income year falling between the preceding loss year and the subsequent year, as any one or more companies which are members of the consolidated group in the subsequent year,—
the amount of loss deducted under subsection (3) of this section from the assessable income derived by the consolidated group in the subsequent year shall not exceed the aggregate of—
“(c)
The amount of the loss that could be deducted by the company in the subsequent year under section 188 of this Act from its own assessable income (such assessable income being nevertheless calculated in accordance with section 191m(1) of this Act) were it not in that subsequent year a member of a consolidated group; and
“(d)
The aggregate amount that could be deducted under section 191a of this Act from their own assessable income (such income being nevertheless calculated in accordance with section 191m(1) of this Act) by companies (other than the company) which are members of the consolidated group in the subsequent year if—
“(i)
Neither the company nor those other companies were members of the consolidated group in the subsequent year; and
“(ii)
The company were to take all necessary steps under section 191a of this Act to permit such deduction under that section by the other companies.
“(6)
In any case where—
“(a)
Subsection (3) of this section would, except to the extent of the application of this subsection and subsection of this section, require the whole or part of the loss of any company incurred by the company in any income year (in this subsection referred to as the preceding loss year) to be deducted from the assessable income, if any, derived by a consolidated group of companies in a subsequent year (in this subsection referred to as the subsequent year); and
“(b)
The company was a member of the consolidated group for part only of the subsequent year,—
the amount of loss deducted under subsection (3) of this section from the assessable income derived by the consolidated group in the subsequent year shall not exceed the lesser of—
“(c)
The excess (if any) of the loss incurred by the company in the preceding loss year and required, but for the application of this subsection and subsection (5) of this section, to be deducted from the assessable income of the consolidated group in the subsequent year over the aggregate of—
“(i)
Any assessable income derived in the subsequent year by the company in any period prior to the company being a member of the consolidated group, calculated by applying the provisions of section 191k(2) of this Act; and
“(ii)
Any part of the loss required, under subsection (3) of this section, to be deducted from the assessable income derived in the subsequent year by another consolidated group of companies of which the company was a member during the subsequent year and prior to the company being a member of the consolidated group; and
“(d)
The amount (if any), as shown in adequate and sufficiently detailed accounts furnished to the Commissioner with the consolidated group’s return of income for the income year, of the consolidated group’s assessable income for the income year as is reasonably and fairly attributable to the part of the income year during which the company was a member of the consolidated group.
“(7)
Where and to the extent that—
“(a)
A company is a member of a consolidated group for part only of an income year (in this subsection referred to as the specified year); and
“(b)
The company is entitled only by virtue of section 188(9) of this Act to claim to carry forward to the specified year and deduct or set off, to the extent of the amount of assessable income derived by the company in part only of the specified year (that part being referred to in this subsection as the continuity period) any loss incurred by the company in any preceding year; and
“(c)
The company is a member of the consolidated group for the whole or part of the continuity period; and
“(d)
Adequate and sufficiently detailed accounts have been prepared and furnished to the Commissioner with the consolidated group’s return of income for the specified year, relating to that part of the continuity period during which the company was a member of the consolidated group, which detail sufficiently such part of the assessable income of the consolidated group (that part being referred to in this subsection as the continuity period profit) for the specified year as is reasonably and fairly attributable to that part of the continuity period; and
“(e)
The loss of the company incurred in the preceding year, to the extent able to be carried forward under section 188 of this Act by virtue of this subsection, is, by virtue of this section, deducted from the assessable income derived in the specified year by the consolidated group,—
section 188(9) of this Act shall apply as if the company derived, in the continuity period, assessable income equal to the continuity period profit.
“191p Attributed foreign income and foreign investment fund income of consolidated group members
“(1)
Subject to this section, Part IVa of this Act shall apply, with any necessary modifications, in respect of a consolidated group as if the consolidated group were a single company, and the assessable income of the consolidated group shall be determined accordingly.
“(2)
Where any consolidated group has in respect of an income year—
“(a)
A tax credit available for crediting under section 245k(1) of this Act against income tax payable in respect of attributed foreign income of the consolidated group; or
“(b)
An attributed foreign loss; or
“(c)
A foreign investment fund loss,—
no part of that credit or loss shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as a tax credit available to or a loss incurred by any individual member company of that consolidated group.
“(3)
Where—
“(a)
Any company is a member of a consolidated group in an income year (in this subsection referred to as the specified year); and
“(b)
The company is entitled—
“(i)
Under section 245k of this Act to claim to carry forward to the specified year, and credit (against income tax payable in respect of attributed foreign income derived in the specified year in respect of any controlled foreign company resident in the relevant country or territory) any credit for income tax resulting from income tax payable in any preceding income year; or
“(ii)
Under section 245m of this Act to claim to carry forward to the specified year and deduct or set off (to the extent of attributed foreign income derived in the specified year in respect of any controlled foreign company resident in the relevant country or territory) any attributed foreign loss incurred by that company in any preceding income year; or
“(iii)
Under section 245r of this Act to claim to carry forward to the specified year and deduct or set off (to the extent of any foreign investment fund income derived in the specified year) any foreign investment fund loss incurred by that company in any preceding income year,—
that credit or loss shall, subject to subsections (4) and (5) of this section, be—
“(c)
In the case of such a tax credit, credited against the income tax, if any, payable by the consolidated group in respect of attributed foreign income derived in the specified year in respect of any controlled foreign company or companies resident in the relevant country or territory, so far as that income tax extends; and
“(d)
In the case of such an attributed foreign loss, deducted from the attributed foreign income, if any, derived in the specified year by the consolidated group in respect of any controlled foreign company or companies resident in the relevant country or territory, so far as that attributed foreign income extends; and
“(e)
In the case of such a foreign investment fund loss, deducted from the foreign investment fund income, if any, derived in the specified year by the consolidated group, so far as that foreign investment fund income extends,—
and only so far as it cannot be so credited or deducted (as the case may be) shall be eligible to be—
“(f)
Credited against the income tax payable by, or deducted or set off against the income of, the company or any other consolidated group in the specified year; or
“(g)
Carried forward by the company in accordance with section 245k or section 245m or section 245r of this Act (as the case may be) to any succeeding income year; or
“(h)
Treated for the purposes of section 245l or section 245n or section 245r of this Act as the case may be, as a credit or loss of the company carried forward to the specified year, in which event such credit or loss may be credited against the income tax payable by or deducted from the income of any other company (other than the consolidated group) subject to and in accordance with the relevant section of this Act.
“(4)
Where tax credits available to or losses incurred by a consolidated group or by one or more member companies of the group are permitted, under any of sections 245k, 245m, and 245r of this Act, or required, under this section, to be credited against income tax payable by or deducted from income derived by a consolidated group, those credits or losses shall—
“(a)
If resulting from tax payable or losses incurred in 2 or more income years, be credited or deducted, as the case may be, in the same order as the tax was payable or the losses were incurred; and
“(b)
If resulting from tax payable or losses incurred in the same income year, be credited or deducted, as the case may be, so far as the income tax or relevant income extends,—
“(i)
In the order elected by the consolidated group by notice to the Commissioner in such form as the Commissioner may allow; or
“(ii)
If no such election is made, on a pro rata basis.
“(5)
In any case where—
“(a)
Subsection (3) of this section would, except to the extent of the application of this subsection, require the whole or part of any tax credit or loss of any company, resulting from income tax payable by or incurred by the company in any income year (in this subsection referred to as the preceding loss year), to be credited against income tax payable by or deducted from income, if any, derived by a consolidated group of companies in a subsequent year (in this subsection referred to as the subsequent year); and
“(b)
The company was not a member of the same group of companies, for the preceding loss year or any income year falling between the preceding loss year and the subsequent year, as any one or more companies which are members of the consolidated group in the subsequent year,—
the amount credited under subsection (3) of this section against income tax payable by or the amount of loss deducted under that subsection from the assessable income derived by the consolidated group in the subsequent year shall not exceed the aggregate of—
“(c)
The amount of the credit or loss which could be credited or deducted by the company in the subsequent year under section 245k or section 245m or section 245r of this Act, as the case may be, against its own income tax or from its own income were it not in that subsequent year a member of a consolidated group of companies (such income tax or income being nevertheless calculated in accordance with section 191m(1) of this Act); and
“(d)
The aggregate amount which could be credited against their own income tax or deducted from their own assessable income (such income tax or income being nevertheless calculated in accordance with section 191m(1) of this Act) under section 245l or section 245n or section 245t of this Act, as the case may be, by companies (other than the company) which are members of the consolidated group in the subsequent year if—
“(i)
Neither the company nor those other companies were members of the consolidated group in the subsequent year; and
“(ii)
The company were to take all necessary steps under the said section 245l, section 245n, or section 245t of this Act to permit such deduction by the other companies under the relevant one of those sections.
“(6)
In any case where—
“(a)
Subsection (3) of this section would, except to the extent of application of this subsection and subsection (5) of this section, require the whole or part of any tax credit or loss of any company resulting from income tax payable by or incurred by the company in any income year (in this subsection referred to as the preceding year) to be credited against income tax payable by or deducted from income, if any, derived by a consolidated group of companies in a subsequent year (in this subsection referred to as the subsequent year); and
“(b)
The company was a member of the consolidated group for part only of the subsequent year,—
the amount of tax credit credited under subsection (3) of this section against income tax payable by, or the amount of loss deducted under that subsection against income derived by, the consolidated group in the subsequent year shall not exceed the lesser of—
“(c)
The excess (if any) of the amount of tax credit or loss of the company for the preceding year required, but for the application of this subsection and subsection (5) of this section, to be credited against income tax payable by, or deducted from income of, the consolidated group in respect of the subsequent year over the aggregate of—
“(i)
In the case of—
“(A)
Any such tax credit, any income tax payable by the company in the subsequent year in respect of any period prior to the company being a member of the consolidated group (calculated by applying the provisions of section 191k(2) of this Act) against which income tax such tax credit would be able to be credited under this Act; and
“(B)
Any such loss, any income derived by the company in the subsequent year in any period prior to the company being a member of the consolidated group (calculated by applying the provisions of section 191k(2) of this Act) against which income such loss would be able to be claimed as a deduction under this Act; and
“(ii)
Any part of the tax credit or loss required, under subsection (3) of this section, to be credited against income tax payable or deducted from income derived in the subsequent year by another consolidated group of companies of which the company was a member during the subsequent year prior to the company being a member of the consolidated group; and
“(d)
The amount (if any), as shown in adequate and sufficiently detailed accounts furnished to the Commissioner with the consolidated group’s return of income for the income year, of the consolidated group’s income tax payable or income for the income year (being income tax payable or income against which such tax credit could be credited or loss could be deducted under this Act) as is reasonably and fairly allocable to the part of the income year during which the company was a member of the consolidated group.
“191q Provisional tax of consolidated group members
“(1)
Part XII of this Act shall apply, with any necessary modifications, in respect of a consolidated group as if it were a single company, and—
“(a)
Each company that is a member of a consolidated group in an income year shall, subject to section 191l(5) of this Act, be jointly and severally liable for the amount of provisional tax payable by the consolidated group in respect of income derived in that income year, and that joint and several liability shall be in substitution for any liability of those companies under Part XII of this Act individually in respect of income derived in that income year (to the extent derived while the company is a member of the consolidated group); and
“(b)
Where any company—
“(i)
Is a member of a consolidated group for all or part of any income year (referred to in this paragraph as the current income year); and
“(ii)
Was not a member of the consolidated group for all or part of the preceding income year,—
the residual income tax of the consolidated group in the preceding income year shall be deemed, for the purposes of Part XII of this Act (but, in any case where the company is a member for part only of the current income year, only with respect to instalments of provisional tax payable after the date upon which the company becomes a member), to be increased by an amount equal to the residual income tax of that company in the preceding income year multiplied by that fraction which is equal to the fraction of the current income year during which the company is a member of the consolidated group.
“(2)
Where any company—
“(a)
Is a member of a consolidated group for all or part of an income year; and
“(b)
Is not a member of that consolidated group for all or part of the immediately succeeding income year,—
for the purposes of the application of Part XII of this Act in respect of that immediately succeeding income year (but, in any case where the company ceases to be a member of that consolidated group during the immediately succeeding income year, only with respect to instalments of provisional tax payable after the date of cessation), that company or, in any case where that company is a member of another consolidated group for all or part of the immediately succeeding income year, that other consolidated group, shall make an estimate of residual income tax for that immediately succeeding income year, and shall be deemed for the purposes of sections 377(3) and 382 of this Act to be a taxpayer to whom section 382(2) of this Act applies.
“191r Withholding tax obligations of consolidated group members
Notwithstanding any provision of sections 191c to 191wc of this Act, each company which is at any time a member of a consolidated group shaft, individually and not jointly with other members of that consolidated group, be liable to comply with that company’s obligations under Parts IX, IXa, Xb, Xc, and XI of this Act.
“191s Consolidated group to maintain separate imputation credit account
“(1)
Every consolidated group shall for each imputation year establish and maintain in accordance with sections 191s to 191sd of this Act an imputation credit account, separate from the imputation credit account of each company that is a member of that consolidated group.
“(2)
The opening balance of the imputation credit account of a consolidated group for any imputation year shall be—
“(a)
Nil, for the imputation year during which the consolidated group is formed; and
“(b)
The amount of the closing balance of the imputation credit account for the preceding imputation year (being a credit or debit, as the case may be), in any other case.
“191sa Credits arising to imputation credit account of group
“(1)
There shall arise as credits to be recorded in the imputation credit account of a consolidated group for any imputation year the following amounts:
“(a)
The amount of any income tax paid during that imputation year in respect of income derived by that consolidated group, except to the extent that such income tax—
“(i)
Would not, if the group were a single company, give rise to a credit by virtue of section 394d(1)(a)(i) to (vi) of this Act; or
“(ii)
Is paid by way of a crediting of further income tax under section 191sc(8) of this Act:
“(b)
The amount of any income tax deemed under section 383 of this Act to be paid during the imputation year in respect of the income derived by the consolidated group:
“(c)
The amount of any further income tax paid in respect of the consolidated group during the imputation year under section 191sd(4) of this Act:
“(d)
The amount of any imputation credit attached to a dividend paid during the imputation year to any company which is at the time of payment a member of the consolidated group:
“(e)
The amount of any dividend withholding payment credit attached to a dividend paid to any company which is at the time of payment a member of the consolidated group at a time when the consolidated group does not have a dividend withholding payment account:
“(f)
The amount of any dividend withholding payment paid during the imputation year, at a time when the consolidated group does not have a dividend withholding payment account, by any company which is a member of the consolidated group in respect of any dividend paid to a company which is at the time of payment a member of the consolidated group, except to the extent to which under section 191t(3) of this Act payment of that dividend withholding payment is satisfied by reducing a loss:
“(g)
Any amount forming all or part of a credit balance in the consolidated group’s—
“(i)
Dividend withholding payment account that the nominated company elects under section 191ud(7) of this Act during the imputation year to be a credit to the group’s imputation credit account; or
“(ii)
Branch equivalent tax account that the nominated company elects under section 191vc(1) of this Act during the imputation year to be a credit to the group’s imputation credit account:
“(h)
The amount of any debit arising under section 191va(4)(a) of this Act during the imputation year to the consolidated group’s branch equivalent tax account in respect of a reduction of the amount of dividend withholding payment payable in respect of any dividend derived by any company which is at the time of derivation a member of the consolidated group, except to the extent that the debit arises in respect of a credit arising under section 191va(2)(b) of this Act:
“(i)
An amount equal to the amount of a debit arising to the imputation credit account under section 191sb(1)(i) of this Act during the imputation year, to the extent that it is subsequently established that the relevant imputation credit should not have been determined to be the subject of an arrangement to which that subsection applies:
“(j)
The amount of any resident withholding tax deduction deemed under section 327za(b) of this Act to have been derived by any company during the imputation year where the company is at the time of derivation a member of the consolidated group:
“(k)
The amount forming all or part of a credit balance in the policyholder credit account of the consolidated group that the nominated company elects under section 191wc(3) of this Act during the imputation year to be a credit to the consolidated group’s imputation credit account:
“(l)
The amount of any credit arising during the imputation year to the imputation credit account under section 191sc(2) of this Act.
“(2)
The credits referred to in subsection (1) of this section hall arise—
“(a)
In the case of the credits referred to in paragraphs (a), (c), and (f), on the date the relevant tax or dividend withholding payment is paid:
“(b)
In the case of the credit referred to in paragraph (b), on the date on which notice in writing of the allocation of the tax referred to in section 383 of this Act is given to the Commissioner:
“(c)
In the case of the credits referred to in paragraphs (d), (e), and (j), on the date the relevant dividend or interest is paid:
“(d)
In the case of the credits referred to in paragraphs (g), (h), and (k), on the date the amount of the relevant credit arises as a debit to the relevant account:
“(e)
In the case of the credit referred to in paragraph (i), on the date the relevant debit arose under section 191sb(1)(i) of this Act:
“(f)
In the case of the credit referred to in paragraph (1), immediately prior to the date the relevant debit referred to in section 191sc(2)(b) of this Act arose to the imputation credit account.
“191sb Debits arising to imputation credit account of group
“(1)
There shall arise as debits to be recorded in the imputation credit account of a consolidated group for any imputation year the following amounts:
“(a)
The amount of any imputation credit attached to a dividend paid during the imputation year by any company which is at the time of payment a member of the consolidated group:
“(b)
The amount of any credit balance in the imputation credit account which the nominated company elects under section 191sd(1) of this Act during the imputation year shall be a credit to the consolidated group’s policyholder credit account:
“(c)
The amount of any provisional tax allocated by the consolidated group under section 383 of this Act during the imputation year to an underpaid company (as defined in that section):
“(d)
The amount of any refund of income tax paid during that imputation year in respect of income derived by the consolidated group except to the extent that—
“(i)
The refund arises as a debit to the consolidated group’s branch equivalent tax account under section 191va(4) of this Act; or
“(ii)
Where the refund is in respect of income tax paid before the date that a debit arises under paragraph (h) of this subsection, the amount of the refund does not exceed the amount of the debit that arises on that date:
“(e)
The amount of any allocation debit arising in respect of the imputation year under section 394g(4) of this Act in respect of any company which is at the time of payment of the relevant dividend a member of the consolidated group:
“(f)
The amount of any—
“(i)
Refund of dividend withholding payment paid; or
“(ii)
Credit of tax refunded under section 394zp(1)(c) of this Act,—
during the imputation year in respect of a dividend derived by a company, which is at the time of derivation a member of the consolidated group, at a time when the consolidated group does not have a dividend withholding payment account:
“(g)
The amount of any credit arising during the imputation year to the consolidated group’s branch equivalent tax account under section 191va(2)(a) of this Act:
“(h)
The amount of any debit which would arise under section 394e(1)(g) of this Act if that provision were to apply, with any necessary modifications, to a consolidated group and its imputation credit account as if it were a single company:
“(i)
The amount of any further debit arising during the imputation year to the imputation credit account under section 394zg of this Act in relation to an imputation credit determined to be the subject of an arrangement to obtain a tax advantage:
“(j)
The amount of credit balance, if any, of the imputation credit account where, during the imputation year, the consolidated group ceases to exist:
“(k)
The amount of any debit arising during the imputation year to the imputation credit account under subsection (5) or subsection (6) of section 191sc of this Act.
“(2)
The debits referred to in subsection (1) of this section shall arise—
“(a)
In the case of the debit referred to in paragraph (a), on the date the dividend is paid:
“(b)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (b), on the date the nominated company makes the election:
“(c)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (c), on the date there is given to the Commissioner notice in writing of the allocation of tax pursuant to section 383 of this Act:
“(d)
In the case of the debits referred to in paragraphs (d) and (f), on the date the refund is paid:
“(e)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (e), at the end of the imputation year in respect of which the allocation debit arises:
“(f)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (g), on the date the credit arises:
“(g)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (h), at the specified time:
“(h)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (i), at the end of the imputation year in respect of which it is determined that the arrangement to obtain a tax advantage occurred or commenced:
“(i)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (j), immediately before the consolidated group ceases to exist:
“(j)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (k), at the time first referred to in subsection (5) or subsection (6) (as the case may be) of section 191sc of this Act.
“191sc Debiting and crediting between consolidated group and individual companies
“(1)
Where—
“(a)
Any credit arises to the imputation credit account of a consolidated group in respect of any tax paid, imputation credit attached to a dividend derived, dividend withholding payment credit attached to a dividend derived, or dividend withholding payment paid; or
“(b)
Any debit arises to the imputation credit account of a consolidated group in respect of any tax refunded, imputation credit attached to a dividend paid, dividend withholding payment refunded, tax credit refunded, or allocation debit arising under section 394g(4) of this Act,—
such credit or debit shall not arise to the imputation credit account of any individual company.
“(2)
Subject to subsection (3) of this section, where and to the extent that at any time—
“(a)
A company which is at that time a member of a consolidated group has a credit in its individual imputation credit account (such credit being referred to in this subsection as the company credit); and
“(b)
A debit arises under section 191sb of this Act to be recorded in the imputation credit account of the consolidated group; and
“(c)
That debit is not offset, determined by applying the procedure set out in section 394e(4)(c) of this Act, against any credit in the consolidated group’s imputation credit account which arose before the date or on the same date upon which the company credit arose,—
the company credit shall, to the extent of that debit, be credited to the imputation credit account of the consolidated group, and that credit to the group’s imputation credit account shall, for the purposes of section 191sb(1)(h) of this Act, be deemed to have been cancelled out by that debit notwithstanding any provision of section 394e of this Act.
“(3)
Where at any time all or part of any credit in a company’s imputation credit account is credited to the imputation credit account of a consolidated group, an amount equal to the credit so arising shall arise as a debit at that time to be recorded under section 394e of this Act in the company’s imputation credit account.
“(4)
Where under subsection (2) of this section credits in the individual imputation credit accounts of 2 or more members of a consolidated group would, but for this subsection, be required to be credited to the group’s imputation credit account, those credits shall be credited—
“(a)
In the order in which those credits arose, determined by applying the procedure set out in section 394e(4)(c) of this Act; and
“(b)
If 2 or more credits arose at the same time,—
“(i)
In the order elected by the consolidated group in such manner as the Commissioner may allow; or
“(ii)
If no such election is made, on a pro rata basis,—
so far as the relevant debit to the group’s imputation credit account extends and no further.
“(5)
Where and to the extent that at any time—
“(a)
A debit would, but for this subsection, arise in the individual imputation credit account of a company which is at that time a member of a consolidated group; and
“(b)
The arising of that debit would result in or increase a debit balance in the individual imputation credit account of the company,—
that debit shall not arise to the company’s imputation credit account but shall be debited to the consolidated group’s imputation credit account.
“(6)
Where at any time—
“(a)
A company becomes a member of a consolidated group; and
“(b)
At that time there is a debit balance in the individual imputation credit account of that company; and
“(c)
If that time were to be the end of an imputation year, the amount of further income tax payable by that company under section 394l of this Act would be reduced by an amount calculated under section 394l(4a) of this Act,—
a debit equal to that amount calculated under section 394l(4a) shall be debited to the consolidated group’s imputation credit account and shall be treated, for the purposes of sections 191sd(4) and 394l of this Act in respect of the consolidated group, as a refundable excess paid under section 156f(4) of this Act to the consolidated group.
“(7)
Where at any time all or part of any debit in a company’s imputation credit account is debited to the imputation credit account of a consolidated group under subsection (6) of this section—
“(a)
An amount equal to the debit so arising shall arise as a credit at that time to be recorded under section 394d of this Act in the company’s imputation credit account; and
“(b)
That credit shall be treated for the purposes of section 394l(4a) of this Act as a credit arising under section 394d(1) of this Act.
“(8)
Where at any time—
“(a)
A company has paid any further income tax under section 394l of this Act in respect of a debit balance in its individual imputation credit account; and
“(b)
The company is entitled under section 394l(5) of this Act to credit that further income tax in payment of any income tax for which the company becomes liable at or after that time; and
“(c)
The company is at that time a member of a consolidated group —
that further income tax may be credited in payment of any income tax (including any instalment of provisional tax under section 378a of this Act) payable at or after that time in respect of the income of the consolidated group and, to the extent so credited, shall not be available to be credited under section 394l(5) of this Act.
“191sd Application of specific imputation provisions to consolidated groups
“(1)
Where a consolidated group has a policyholder credit account—
“(a)
The nominated company may elect that ah or any part of the credit balance (if any) in the group’s imputation credit account at the time of election shall be a credit to the policyholder credit account and a debit to the group’s imputation credit account, which election shall be made by recording the debit and credit in the respective accounts; and
“(b)
Section 394fa(3) and (4) of this Act shall apply in the case of any consolidated group with a non-standard balance date with any necessary modifications as if—
“(i)
Each reference in those subsections to a company were a reference to the group; and
“(ii)
Each reference to provisions of this Act applicable to an individual company were references to the equivalent provision of this section or of sections 191s to 191sc of this Act applicable to consolidated groups.
“(2)
Section 394g of this Act shall apply, with any necessary modifications, to a consolidated group as if it were a single company, but for the purposes of subsections (2) to (4) of that section dividends paid by one member of the consolidated group to another member of the consolidated group shall not be taken into account.
“(3)
A nominated company shall, in respect of a consolidated group, comply with sections 394j and 394k of this Act as if—
“(a)
The group were a single company; and
“(b)
The reference in section 394k(2) to such company ceasing to be an imputation credit account company were a reference to the consolidated group ceasing to exist; and
“(c)
Each reference in those sections to a provision of this Act were, where appropriate, a reference to the equivalent provision applicable to consolidated groups.
“(4)
Sections 394l, 394n, 394o, and 394p of this Act shall apply, with any necessary modifications, to a consolidated group and its imputation credit account as if—
“(a)
It were a single company; and
“(b)
Each reference to a provision of this Act were a reference to the equivalent provision applicable to consolidated groups; and
“(c)
Each reference to liability of a company for further income tax, additional tax, or imputation penalty tax were (subject to the application of section 191l(2) to (5) of this Act) a reference to joint and several liability for such tax of each company which is a member of the group at the time the further income tax, additional tax, or imputation penalty tax becomes payable.
“(5)
Section 394m of this Act—
“(a)
Shall apply, with any necessary modifications, in respect of any tax paid by a consolidated group as if—
“(i)
The group were a single company; and
“(ii)
The reference to such company ceasing to be an imputation credit account company were a reference to the consolidated group ceasing to exist; and
“(iii)
Each reference to a provision of this Act were a reference to the equivalent provision applicable to consolidated groups; and
“(b)
Shall not apply to limit a refund of income tax payable to a company which is a member of a consolidated group in respect of income tax paid individually by that company to the extent that, if such a refund had been of income tax paid by the consolidated group, section 394m would not have limited the refund; but, where and to the extent that a refund of income tax is paid which would not have been payable but for this paragraph, section 394m(3) of this Act shall apply as if that refund were in respect of tax paid by the consolidated group.
“(6)
Section 394zf(2) of this Act shall apply in any case where the company deemed by section 394zf(1) of this Act to have paid a dividend is at the time of payment a member of a consolidated group as if the reference to section 394e(1)(a) of this Act were a reference to section 191sb(1)(a) of this Act.
“(7)
Sections 394zg and 394zh of this Act shall apply, with any necessary modifications, in any case which involves accounts of a consolidated group, as if—
“(a)
The consolidated group were a single company; and
“(b)
References to provisions of this Act were references to the equivalent provisions applicable to such equivalent accounts.
“191t Dividend withholding payments and consolidated groups
“(1)
Where—
“(a)
A foreign withholding payment dividend is, within the meaning of section 394zm(3) of this Act, paid to a company in respect of an income interest in a controlled foreign company; and
“(b)
That company is at the time of payment a member of a consolidated group; and
“(c)
That consolidated group, at the time of payment, maintains a branch equivalent tax account under section 191v of this Act,—
the amount to be deducted by the company under section 394zm(1) of this Act shall be reduced by such amount of the credit balance in the group’s branch equivalent tax account, being a credit balance that exists at the time the foreign dividend is paid, as the nominated company for the group elects pursuant to section 191vc(2) of this Act to use for the purpose, and section 394zm(2) of this Act shall not apply in the case of such a dividend.
“(2)
Where—
“(a)
A company is liable to pay dividend withholding payment in respect of a foreign dividend paid to the company during a quarter; and
“(b)
The company is at the time of payment of the dividend a member of a consolidated group,—
all companies which are at the time members of the consolidated group shall be jointly and severally liable for the dividend withholding payment and the Commissioner may make any assessment under section 394zn of this Act accordingly.
“(3)
Where—
“(a)
A company is liable to pay dividend withholding payment in respect of a foreign dividend paid to the company during a quarter; and
“(b)
The company is at the time of payment of the dividend a member of a consolidated group,—
section 394zn(2) of this Act shall not apply, but where the nominated company for the consolidated group satisfies the Commissioner that—
“(c)
The group has incurred a loss that may be carried forward and deducted from or set off under sections 188 and 191o of this Act against the assessable income, if any, derived by the group during the income year the foreign dividend is paid to the company; or
“(d)
It has reason to believe that, in respect of the income year in which the foreign dividend is paid to the company, the group will incur a loss that may be carried forward and deducted from or set off under sections 188 and 191o of this Act against the assessable income, if any, derived by the group during the succeeding income year,—
the nominated company may by notice in writing to the Commissioner elect, within the period for payment specified in section 394zn(1) of this Act, that payment of all or part of the dividend withholding payment shall be satisfied by reducing any such loss, in so far as the balance of the loss extends, by an amount not exceeding an amount calculated in accordance with the following formula:
where—
“a
is the amount of the dividend withholding payment payable under section 394zm of this Act; and
“b
is the rate of resident companies income tax, expressed as a percentage, stated in clause 7 of the First Schedule to this Act and applying in respect of the income year that is concurrent with the imputation year in which the quarter for which the liability occurred,—
and section 394zn(3) of this Act shall apply with any necessary modifications to such an election as if the group were a single company.
“(4)
Where during an imputation year a company becomes entitled to a refund of dividend withholding payment under section 394zo(1) of this Act in relation to dividend withholding payment by the company during a previous imputation year in respect of a dividend or dividends paid to the company at a time when the company was a member of a consolidated group, section 394zo(2) of this Act shall not apply, and—
“(a)
The amount of the refund to be paid to the company shall not exceed—
“(i)
In any case where the consolidated group, at the time when the entitlement to refund arises, has a dividend withholding payment account, the amount of the credit balance (if any) of the group’s dividend withholding payment account at the end of the imputation year preceding that in which the entitlement to the refund arises; or
“(ii)
In any case where the consolidated group, at the time at which the entitlement to the refund arises, has no dividend withholding payment account, the credit balance (if any) of the group’s imputation credit account at the end of the imputation year preceding that in which the entitlement to the refund arises; but
“(b)
Any amount of dividend withholding payment that is not refunded by reason of exceeding any such credit balance shall be credited in payment of any dividend withholding payment payable by the company during the imputation year in which the entitlement to the refund arises, or during any subsequent imputation year.
“(5)
For the purposes of subsection (4) of this section, the amount of any credit balance referred to in that subsection shall be deemed to be reduced by any earlier refund paid during the imputation year—
“(a)
To the company; or
“(b)
To any other company which was, at the time of payment of the dividend giving rise to the liability to pay the refunded dividend withholding payment or in respect of the income year in relation to which the refunded income tax was paid, a member of the same consolidated group—
being a refund of dividend withholding payment or a refund of income tax that may not, pursuant to this section or to section 394m of this Act, exceed the amount of that credit balance.
“(6)
Where—
“(a)
A company has paid dividend withholding payment during an income year; and
“(b)
At the time of payment of the dividend giving rise to the liability to make such dividend withholding payment the company was a member of a consolidated group,—
section 394zo(4) of this Act shall not apply, and where—
“(c)
The consolidated group has incurred a loss in that income year that may under sections 188 and 191o of this Act be carried forward and deducted from or set off against the assessable income derived by the group in a succeeding income year; and
“(d)
The consolidated group has furnished a single return under section 191l of this Act for the income year in respect of which the loss was incurred,—
the company shall, upon application in writing to the Commissioner, be entitled to a refund of dividend withholding payment of an amount that is the smallest of—
“(e)
The amount of dividend withholding payment paid during that income year; or
“(f)
The amount of the loss referred to in paragraph (c) of this subsection, multiplied by the rate of resident companies income tax referred to in item b of the formula stated in this subsection; or
“(g)
The credit balance of the group’s dividend withholding payment account at the end of the most recently ending imputation year,—
and the amount of the loss shall be reduced by an amount calculated in accordance with the following formula:
where—
“a
is the amount of the refund paid to the company; and
“b
is the rate of resident companies income tax, expressed as a percentage, stated in clause 7 of the First Schedule to this Act and applying in respect of the income year that is concurrent with the imputation year referred to in paragraph (g) of this subsection.
“(7)
Section 394zo(2) of this Act shall not apply to limit a refund of dividend withholding payment to a company which is a member of a consolidated group to the extent that, if such a refund had been of a dividend withholding payment paid in respect of a dividend paid to the company at a time when the company was a member of the consolidated group, subsection (4) of this section would not have limited the refund.
“(8)
Section 394zp(4) shall apply, in any case where the company referred to is a member of a consolidated group, as if the reference to dividend withholding payment or further dividend withholding payment paid by the company were a reference to such amounts paid by any company which was, at the time of payment, a member of the consolidated group.
“191u Dividend withholding payment accounts and consolidated groups
“(1)
A consolidated group—
“(a)
Shall maintain a dividend withholding payment account for an imputation year if, in that imputation year, any company which is member of that consolidated group at any time in that imputation year maintains a dividend withholding payment account; and
“(b)
May at any time elect to maintain a dividend withholding payment account for an imputation year,—
which group dividend withholding payment account shall be separate from the dividend withholding payment account of each company which is a member of the consolidated group.
“(2)
Where a consolidated group has elected to maintain a dividend withholding payment account under subsection (1) of this section,—
“(a)
The nominated company for the group shall notify the Commissioner of that fact in writing within 21 days after the date of the election, or within such further time as the Commissioner may allow in any case or class of cases; and
“(b)
The group shall maintain a dividend withholding payment account with effect from the date of the election and, subject to subsection (4) of this section, for every imputation year subsequent to that year in which the election was made.
“(3)
The opening balance of the dividend withholding payment account of a consolidated group for any imputation year shall be—
“(a)
Nil, for the imputation year during which the consolidated group commences to maintain a dividend withholding payment account; and
“(b)
The amount of the closing balance of the dividend withholding payment account for the preceding imputation year (being a credit or debit, as the case may be), in any other case.
“(4)
Subject to subsection (5) of this section, the nominated company for a consolidated group that maintains a dividend withholding payment account may elect at any time that the group shall cease to maintain a dividend withholding payment account and, where such an election is made, the group shall cease to be required to maintain a group dividend withholding payment account from the commencement of the imputation year succeeding that in which the election so to cease is made.
“(5)
An election under subsection (4) of this section—
“(a)
In any case where the nominated company for the group has elected to maintain a dividend withholding payment account, may only be made during an imputation year subsequent to the imputation year in which the election to maintain the account was made; and
“(b)
Shall be of no effect if the group is required to maintain a dividend withholding payment account under subsection (1)(a) of this section in respect of the imputation year from the commencement of which the election to cease would otherwise take effect; and
“(c)
Shall be of no effect unless—
“(i)
The annual dividend withholding payment return required in respect of the imputation year in which the election was made is furnished, within the time provided for in section 394zzc of this Act; and
“(ii)
Any further dividend withholding payment that may be payable by the group for that imputation year under section 394zzf of this Act is paid by the date specified in subsection (2) of that section.
“191ua Credits arising to group dividend withholding payment account
“(1)
There shall arise as credits to be recorded in the dividend withholding payment account of a consolidated group for any imputation year the following amounts—
“(a)
The amount of dividend withholding payment paid during the year by any company that is a member of the consolidated group in respect of a dividend paid to a company which is at the time of payment of the dividend a member of the consolidated group, except where and to the extent that—
“(i)
The dividend withholding payment is paid by way of a crediting of further dividend withholding payment under section 394zzf(5) of this Act or under section 191uc(6) of this Act; or
“(ii)
Payment of the dividend withholding payment is satisfied by reducing a loss under section 191t(3) of this Act:
“(b)
The amount of any dividend withholding payment credit attached to a dividend paid during the imputation year to a company which is at the time of payment a member of the consolidated group:
“(c)
The amount of any further dividend withholding payment paid during the imputation year in respect of the group’s dividend withholding payment account under section 394zzf of this Act:
“(d)
The amount of any debit arising to the account pursuant to section 191ub(1)(h) of this Act, to the extent that it is subsequently established that the relevant dividend withholding payment credit should not have been determined to be the subject of an arrangement to which that paragraph applies:
“(e)
The amount of any credit arising during the imputation year to the dividend withholding payment account under section 191uc(2) of this Act.
“(2)
The credits referred to in subsection (1) of this section shall arise—
“(a)
In the case of the credits referred to in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c), on the date the relevant dividend withholding payment, dividend, or further dividend withholding payment is paid:
“(b)
In the case of a credit referred to in paragraph (d), on the date that the relevant debit under section 191ub(1)(h) of this Act arose:
“(c)
In the case of the credit referred to in paragraph (e), immediately before the relevant debit referred to in section 191uc(2)(b) of this Act arose to the dividend withholding payment account.
“191ub Debits arising to group dividend withholding payment account
“(1)
There shall arise as debits to be recorded in the dividend withholding payment account of a consolidated group for any imputation year the following amounts:
“(a)
The amount of any dividend withholding payment credit attached to a dividend paid during the imputation year by any company which is, at the time of payment, a member of the consolidated group:
“(b)
The amount of any credit balance of the dividend withholding payment account that the nominated company for the consolidated group elects in accordance with section 191ud(2) of this Act during the imputation year shall be a credit to the policyholder credit account of the consolidated group:
“(c)
Any amount forming all or part of an end of year balance in the account that the nominated company for the consolidated group elects in accordance with section 191ud(7) of this Act to be a credit to the imputation credit account of the consolidated group:
“(d)
The amount of any refund of dividend withholding payment paid during the imputation year under section 394zo of this Act in respect of a dividend withholding payment paid in respect of a dividend paid to a company which at the time of payment of the dividend was a member of the consolidated group, except that, where the refund is in respect of a dividend withholding payment paid before the date that a debit arises under paragraph (h) of this subsection, a debit shall not arise to the extent that the amount of the refund does not exceed the amount of the debit that arises on that date:
“(e)
The amount of any credit of tax refunded under section 394zp(1)(c) of this Act in respect of a dividend paid to a company which is at the time of payment a member of the consolidated group:
“(f)
The amount of any allocation deficit debit arising in the account under section 394zy of this Act in respect of any company which is at the time of payment of the relevant dividend a member of the consolidated group:
“(g)
The amount of any allocation deficit debit arising in the account under section 394zy(4a) of this Act:
“(h)
The amount of any further debit arising during the imputation year to the dividend withholding payment account under section 394zg of this Act in relation to a dividend withholding payment credit determined to be the subject of an arrangement to obtain a tax advantage:
“(i)
The amount of any debit that would arise under section 394zw(1)(f) of this Act if that provision were to apply, with any necessary modifications, to a consolidated group and its dividend withholding payment account as if it were a single company:
“(j)
The amount of the credit balance, if any, of the dividend withholding payment account where the consolidated group ceases to maintain a dividend withholding payment account:
“(k)
The amount of any debit arising during the imputation year to the dividend withholding payment account under section 191uc(5) of this Act.
“(2)
The debits referred to in subsection (1) of this section shall arise—
“(a)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (a), on the date the dividend is paid:
“(b)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (b), on the date the company makes the election in accordance with section 191ud(2) of this Act:
“(c)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (c), at the end of the imputation year in which there was the credit balance:
“(d)
In the case of the debits referred to in paragraphs (d) and (e), on the date the refund is paid:
“(e)
In the case of the debits referred to in paragraphs (f) and (g), at the end of the imputation year in respect of which the allocation deficit debit arises:
“(f)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (h), at the end of the imputation year in respect of which it is determined under section 394zg of this Act that the tax advantage arrangement occurred or commenced:
“(g)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (i), at the specified time:
“(h)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (j), immediately before the consolidated group ceases to maintain a dividend withholding payment account:
“(i)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (k), at the time first referred to in section 191uc(5) of this Act.
“191uc Debiting and crediting between group and individual dividend withholding payment accounts
(1)
Where—
“(a)
Any credit arises to the dividend withholding payment account of a consolidated group in respect of any dividend withholding payment paid or dividend withholding payment credit attached to a dividend derived; or
“(b)
Any debit arises to the dividend withholding payment account in respect of any dividend withholding payment credit attached to a dividend paid, any dividend withholding payment or tax credit refunded, or any allocation debit arising under section 394g(4) of this Act,—
such credit or debit shall not arise to the dividend withholding payment account of any individual company.
“(2)
Subject to subsection (4) of this section, where and to the extent that at any time—
“(a)
A company which is at that time a member of a consolidated group has a credit in its individual dividend withholding payment account (such credit being in this section referred to as the company credit); and
“(b)
A debit arises under section 191ua of this Act to be recorded in the dividend withholding payment account of the consolidated group; and
“(c)
That debit is not offset, determined by applying the procedure set out in section 394zw(4)(c) of this Act, against any credit in the consolidated group’s dividend withholding payment account which arose before the date or on the same date upon which the company credit arose—
the company credit shall, to the extent of that debit, be credited to the dividend withholding payment account of the consolidated group, and that credit to the group’s dividend withholding payment account shall, for the purposes of section 191ub(1)(i) of this Act, be deemed to have been cancelled out by that debit notwithstanding any provision of section 394zw of this Act.
“(3)
Where at any time all or part of any credit in a company’s dividend withholding payment account is credited to the dividend withholding payment account of a consolidated group, an amount equal to the credit so arising shall arise as a debit at that time to be recorded under section 394zw of this Act in the company’s dividend withholding payment account.
“(4)
Where under subsection (2) of this section credits in the individual dividend withholding payment accounts of 2 or more members of a consolidated group would, but for this subsection, be required to be credited to the group’s dividend withholding payment account, those credits shall be credited—
“(a)
In the order in which those credits arose, determined by applying the procedure set out in section 394zw(4)(c) of this Act; and
“(b)
If 2 or more credits arose at the same time,—
“(i)
In the order elected by the consolidated group in such manner as the Commissioner may allow; or
“(ii)
If no such election is made, on a pro rata basis,—
so far as the relevant debit to the group’s dividend withholding payment account extends and no further.
“(5)
Where and to the extent that at any time—
“(a)
A debit would, but for this subsection, arise in the individual dividend withholding payment account of a company which is at that time a member of a consolidated group; and
“(b)
The arising of that debit would result in or increase a debit balance in the individual dividend withholding payment account of the company,—
that debit shall not arise to the company’s dividend withholding payment account but shall be debited to the consolidated group’s dividend withholding payment account.
“(6)
Where at any time—
“(a)
A company has paid any further dividend withholding payment under section 394zzf of this Act in respect of a debit balance in its individual dividend withholding payment account; and
“(b)
The company is entitled under section 394zzf(5) of this Act to credit that further dividend withholding payment in payment of any dividend withholding payment for which the company becomes liable at or after that time; and
“(c)
The company is at that time a member of a consolidated group —
the further dividend withholding payment may be credited in payment of any dividend withholding payment payable at or after that time by any company which is at that time a member of the consolidated group and, to the extent so credited, shall not be available to be credited under section 394zzf(5) of this Act.
“191ud Application of specific dividend withholding payment provisions to consolidated groups
“(1)
Section 394zx(1) of this Act shall apply as if the reference to a dividend withholding payment account company included a reference to any company where at the time of payment of the dividend—
“(a)
The company is a member of a consolidated group; and
“(b)
The consolidated group maintains a dividend withholding payment account.
“(2)
Where a consolidated group has a policyholder credit account and a dividend withholding payment account,—
“(a)
The nominated company for that consolidated group may elect that all or any part of the credit balance (if any) in the group’s dividend withholding payment account at the time of election shall be a credit to the group’s policyholder credit account and a debit to the group’s dividend withholding payment account, which election shall be made by recording the debit and credit in the respective accounts; and
“(b)
Section 394zxa(3) and (4) of this Act shall apply in the case of a consolidated group with a non-standard balance date with any necessary modifications as if—
“(i)
Each reference in those subsections to a company were a reference to the group; and
“(ii)
Each reference to provisions of this Act applicable to an individual company were a reference to the equivalent provision of this section or of sections 191t to 191uc of this Act applicable to consolidated groups.
“(3)
Section 394zy(1) to (4) of this Act shall apply, with any necessary modifications, to a consolidated group as if it were a single company, but for the purposes of subsections (2) to (4) of that section, dividends paid by one member of the consolidated group to another member of the consolidated group shall not be taken into account.
“(4)
Section 394zy(4a), (4b), and (4c) shall apply with any necessary modifications in any case where a consolidated group has a policyholder credit account as if—
“(a)
Each reference to the company were a reference to the consolidated group; and
“(b)
Each reference to a provision of this Act were a reference to the equivalent provision of this section or of sections 191t to 191uc of this Act applicable to consolidated groups,—
but dividends paid by one member of the consolidated group to another member of the consolidated group shall not be taken into account.
“(5)
Sections 394zza and 394zzb of this Act shall apply with any necessary modifications in the case of a consolidated group as if each reference to a dividend withholding payment account company were a reference to a company which is a member of a consolidated group that maintains a dividend withholding payment account.
“(6)
The nominated company for a consolidated group shall, in respect of that consolidated group, comply with sections 394zzc and 394zzd of this Act as if—
“(a)
The group were a single company; and
“(b)
Each reference in those sections to a provision of this Act were, where appropriate, a reference to the equivalent provision applicable to consolidated groups.
“(7)
Where there is a credit balance in the dividend withholding payment account of a consolidated group at the end of any imputation year, the nominated company for that consolidated group may elect that all or any part of that credit balance shall be a credit to the group’s imputation credit account and a debit to the group’s dividend withholding payment account, which election shall be made in the manner specified in section 394zze(2) of this Act.
“(8)
Sections 394zzf, 394zzg, 394zzh, 394zzi, and 394zzj of this Act shall apply, with any necessary modifications, to a consolidated group and its dividend withholding payment account as if—
“(a)
The group were a single company; and
“(b)
Each reference to a provision of this Act were a reference to the equivalent provision applicable to consolidated groups; and
“(c)
Each reference to liability of a company for further dividend withholding payment, dividend withholding payment penalty tax, and additional tax were (subject to the application of section 191l(2) to (5) of this Act) a reference to joint and several liability for such tax of each company which is a member of the group at the time the further dividend withholding payment, dividend withholding payment penalty tax, or additional tax becomes payable.
“191v Branch equivalent tax accounts and consolidated groups
“(1)
A consolidated group—
“(a)
Shall maintain a branch equivalent tax account for an imputation year if, in that imputation year, any company which is a member of that consolidated group at any time in that imputation year maintains a branch equivalent tax account; and
“(b)
May at any time elect to maintain a branch equivalent tax account for an imputation year,—
which group branch equivalent tax account shall be separate from the branch equivalent tax account of each company which is a member of that consolidated group.
“(2)
Where a consolidated group has elected to maintain a branch equivalent tax account under subsection (1) of this section,—
“(a)
The nominated company for the group shall notify the Commissioner of that fact in writing within 21 days after the date of the election, or within such further time as the Commissioner may allow in any case or class of cases; and
“(b)
The group shall maintain a branch equivalent tax account with effect from the date of the election and, subject to subsection (3) of this section, for every imputation year subsequent to the year in which the election was made.
“(3)
Subject to subsection (4) of this section, the nominated company for a consolidated group that maintains a branch equivalent tax account may elect at any time that the group shall cease to maintain a branch equivalent tax account and, where such an election is made, the group shall cease to be required to maintain a group branch equivalent tax account from the commencement of the imputation year succeeding that in which the election so to cease is made.
“(4)
An election under subsection (3) of this section,—
“(a)
In any case where the nominated company for the group has elected to maintain a branch equivalent tax account, may only be made during an imputation year subsequent to the imputation year in which the election to maintain the account was made; and
“(b)
Shall be of no effect if the group is required to maintain a branch equivalent tax account under subsection (1)(a) of this section in respect of the imputation year from the commencement of which the election to cease would otherwise take effect; and
“(c)
Shall be of no effect unless the annual group imputation return required in respect of the imputation year in which the election was made is furnished within the time provided for in section 394j of this Act.
“191va Debits and credits arising to group branch equivalent tax account
“(1)
The opening balance of the branch equivalent tax account of a consolidated group for any imputation year shall be—
“(a)
Nil, for the imputation year during which the consolidated group commences to maintain a branch equivalent tax account; and
“(b)
The amount of the closing balance of the branch equivalent tax account for the preceding imputation year (being a credit or debit as the case may be), in any other case.
“(2)
There shall arise as credits to be recorded in the branch equivalent tax account of a consolidated group the following amounts:
“(a)
An amount calculated in accordance with the following formula:
where—
“a
is the amount of income tax payable by the consolidated group for any income year; and
“b
is the amount of any foreign tax credit allowed in accordance with sections 245k, 245l, and 191p of this Act in calculating the income tax payable by the consolidated group for that income year; and
“c
is the amount that is the lesser of—
“(i)
The amount of any attributed foreign income derived by the consolidated group during that income year; or
“(ii)
The taxable income of the consolidated group for that income year; and
“d
is the taxable income referred to in paragraph (ii) of item c of this formula:
“(b)
Where the amount of any attributed foreign income derived by a consolidated group during an income year is offset against any loss incurred by the consolidated group, or, under section 191a(2) of this Act, offset against the loss of a company not included in the same consolidated group for that income year, an amount calculated in accordance with the following formula—
e × f
where—
“e
is the amount of any attributed foreign income derived by the consolidated group during that income year that is so offset; and
“f
is the rate of resident companies’ income tax, expressed as a percentage, stated in clause 7 of the First Schedule to this Act and applying in respect of that income year:
“(c)
The amount of any credit arising during the imputation year to the branch equivalent tax account under section 191vb(2) of this Act.
“(3)
The credits referred to in subsection (2) of this section shall arise—
“(a)
In the case of the credits referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) of that subsection, on the date on which is filed a return of income for the consolidated group for the income year referred to in those paragraphs:
“(b)
In the case of the credit referred to in paragraph (c) of that subsection, immediately before the date the relevant debit referred to in section 191vb(2)(b) of this Act arose to the branch equivalent tax account.
“(4)
There shall arise as debits to be recorded in the branch equivalent tax account of a consolidated group the following amounts:
“(a)
The amount of any credit balance in the account that the nominated company for the consolidated group elects in accordance with section 191vc(2) of this Act to use to reduce an amount of dividend withholding payment deductible under sections 394zl and 394zm of this Act by any company which is, at the time of payment of the dividend giving rise to the liability to pay the dividend withholding payment, a member or the consolidated group:
“(b)
The amount of any credit balance in the account that the nominated company for the consolidated group elects in accordance with section 191vc(1) of this Act to be a credit to the group’s imputation credit account:
“(c)
An amount equal to any refund of income tax to the extent that the refund is attributable to income tax paid in relation to attributed foreign income derived by the consolidated group in respect of one or more income interests in controlled foreign companies, except that, where the refund is in respect of income tax paid before the date that a debit arises under paragraph (d) of this subsection, a debit shall not arise to the extent that the amount of the refund does not exceed the amount of the debit that arises on that date:
“(d)
The amount of any debit which would arise under section 394zzp(3)(d) of this Act if that provision were to apply, with any necessary modifications, to a consolidated group and its branch equivalent tax account as if it were a single company:
“(e)
The amount of any credit balance of the branch equivalent tax account where, during the imputation year, the consolidated group ceases to maintain a branch equivalent tax account:
“(f)
The amount of any debit arising during the imputation year to the branch equivalent tax account under section 191vb(5) of this Act.
“(5)
The debits referred to in subsection (4) of this section shall arise—
“(a)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (a) of that subsection, on the date by which the relevant company is required by section 394zn of this Act to pay to the Commissioner the dividend withholding payment that is reduced by the relevant amount of the credit balance:
“(b)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (b) of that subsection, on the date the nominated company elects in accordance with section 191vc(1) of this Act to credit the consolidated group’s imputation credit account:
“(c)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (c) of that subsection, on the date the refund is paid:
“(d)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (d) of that subsection, at the specified time:
“(e)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (e) of that subsection, immediately before the group ceased to maintain the branch equivalent tax account:
“(f)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (f) of that subsection, at the time first referred to in section 191vb(5) of this Act.
“(6)
Any debits arising in the branch equivalent tax account of a consolidated group under subsection (4)(a) of this section shall be deemed to be satisfied first by the reduction of any credit balance in the account arising under paragraph (b) of subsection (2) of this section, insofar as any such credit balance extends, and then by the reduction of any credit balances arising under paragraph (a) or paragraph (c) of that subsection.
“191vb Debiting and crediting between group and individual branch equivalent tax accounts
“(1)
Where—
“(a)
Any credit arises to the branch equivalent tax account of a consolidated group in respect of any attributed foreign income; or
“(b)
Any debit arises to the branch equivalent tax account of a consolidated group in respect of any refund of income tax paid in respect of attributed foreign income,—
no credit or debit shall arise to the branch equivalent tax account of any individual company in respect of such income or income tax refund.
“(2)
Subject to subsection (4) of this section, where at any time—
“(a)
A company which is at that time a member of a consolidated group has a credit in its individual branch equivalent tax account maintained in accordance with section 394zzn of this Act (such credit being referred to in this subsection as the company credit); and
“(b)
A debit arises under section 191va of this Act to be recorded in the branch equivalent tax account of the consolidated group; and
“(c)
That debit is not offset, determined by applying the procedure set out in section 394zzp(6)(c) of this Act, against any credit in the consolidated group’s branch equivalent tax account which arose before the date or on the same date upon which the company credit arose—
the company credit shall, to the extent of that debit, be credited to the branch equivalent tax account of the consolidated group, and that credit to the group’s branch equivalent tax account shall, for the purposes of section 191va(4)(d) of this Act, be deemed to have been cancelled out by that debit notwithstanding any provision of section 394zzp of this Act.
“(3)
Where at any time all or part of any credit in a company’s branch equivalent tax account is credited to the branch equivalent tax account of a consolidated group, an amount equal to the credit so arising shall arise as a debit at that time to be recorded under section 394zzp of this Act in the company’s branch equivalent tax account.
“(4)
Where under subsection (2) of this section credits in the individual branch equivalent tax accounts of 2 or more members of a consolidated group would, but for this subsection, be required to be credited to the group’s branch equivalent tax account, those credits shall be credited—
“(a)
In the order in which those credits arose, determined by applying the procedure set out in section 394zzp(6)(c) of this Act; and
“(b)
If 2 or more credits arose at the same time,—
“(i)
In the order elected by the consolidated group in such manner as the Commissioner may allow; or
“(ii)
If no such election is made, on a pro rata basis,—
so far as the relevant debit to the group’s branch equivalent tax account extends and no further.
“(5)
Where and to the extent that at any time—
“(a)
A debit would, but for this subsection, arise in the individual branch equivalent tax account of a company which is at that time a member of a consolidated group; and
“(b)
The arising of that debit would result in or increase a debit balance in the individual branch equivalent tax account of the company,—
that debit shall not arise to the company’s branch equivalent tax account but shall be debited to the consolidated group’s branch equivalent tax account.
“191vc Application of branch equivalent tax account provisions to consolidated groups, etc.
“(1)
Where at any time there is a credit balance in the branch equivalent tax account of a consolidated group, the nominated company for the consolidated group may, except to the extent that the credit balance consists of any credit arising under section 191va(2)(b) of this Act, elect that all or any part of that credit balance shall be a credit to the group’s imputation credit account and a debit to its branch equivalent tax account, which election shall be made in the manner specified in section 394zzq(2) of this Act.
“(2)
Where at any time there is a credit balance in the branch equivalent tax account of a consolidated group, the nominated company for that consolidated group may elect that all or any part of that credit balance shall be used for the purpose of reducing, so far as the liability extends, the amount of any dividend withholding payment deduction required to be made under sections 394zl and 394zm of this Act by any company which is, at the time of payment of the dividend giving rise to the liability to pay dividend withholding payment, a member of the consolidated group, which election shall be made in the manner specified in section 394zzq(4) of this Act.
“(3)
Section 394zzr of this Act shall, with any necessary modifications, apply in the case of the branch equivalent tax account of a consolidated group as if the group were a single company.
“(4)
Section 394zzx of this Act—
“(a)
Shall, with any necessary modifications, apply in respect of any tax paid by a consolidated group as if it were a single company; and
“(b)
Shall not apply to limit a refund of income tax payable to a company that is a member of a consolidated group in respect of income tax paid individually by that company to the extent that, if such a refund had been of income tax paid by the consolidated group, section 394zzx would not have limited the refund.
“191w Policyholder credit accounts and consolidated groups
Every consolidated group any member of which is a company carrying on a business of providing life insurance to which sections 204 to 205f of this Act apply shall establish and maintain a policyholder credit account, separate from the policyholder credit account of each company which is a member of that consolidated group.
“191wa Credits and debits arising to group policyholder credit account
“(1)
The opening balance of the policyholder credit account of a consolidated group for any imputation year shall be—
“(a)
Nil, for the imputation year during which the consolidated group is formed; and
“(b)
The amount of the closing balance of the policyholder credit account for the preceding imputation year (being a credit or debit, as the case may be), in any other case.
“(2)
There shall arise as credits to be recorded in the policyholder credit account of the consolidated group for any imputation year the following amounts:
“(a)
Any amount forming all or part of a credit balance in the group’s imputation credit account that the nominated company for the group elects in accordance with section 191sd(1)(a) of this Act to be a credit to the group’s policyholder credit account:
“(b)
Any amount forming all or part of a credit balance in the group’s dividend withholding payment account that the nominated company for the group elects in accordance with section 191sd(2) of this Act to be a credit to the group’s policyholder credit account:
“(c)
The amount of any credit arising during the imputation year to the policyholder credit account under section 191wb(1) of this Act.
“(3)
The credits referred to in subsection (2) of this section shall arise—
“(a)
In the case of a credit referred to in paragraph (a) of that subsection, on the date that the amount of the credit arises as a debit to the group’s imputation credit account pursuant to section 191sb(2)(b) of this Act:
“(b)
In the case of a credit referred to in paragraph (b) of that subsection, on the date that the amount of the credit arises as a debit to the group’s dividend withholding payment account pursuant to section 191ub(2)(b) of this Act:
“(c)
In the case of a credit referred to in paragraph (c) of that subsection, at the time first referred to section 191wb(1) of this Act.
“(4)
There shall arise as debits to be recorded in the policyholder credit account of a consolidated group the following amounts:
“(a)
The amount of any credit balance in the account that the nominated company for the group elects in accordance with section 191wc(2) of this Act to use as a credit against income tax payable by the group in respect of policyholder income under sections 205 to 205f of this Act:
“(b)
The amount of any credit balance in the account that the nominated company for the group elects in accordance with section 191wc(3) of this Act to be a credit to the group’s imputation credit account.
“(5)
The debits referred to in subsection (4) of this section shall arise—
“(a)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (a) of that subsection, on the last day of the income year of the group to which the income tax that is reduced by the relevant amount of the credit balance relates:
“(b)
In the case of a debit referred to in paragraph (b) of that subsection, on the date the company elects in accordance with section 191wc(3) of this Act to credit the group’s imputation credit account.
“191wb Debiting and crediting between group and individual policyholder credit accounts
“(1)
Subject to subsection (3) of this section, where and to the extent that at any time—
“(a)
A company which is at that time a member of a consolidated group has a credit in its individual policyholder credit account (such credit being referred to in this section as the company credit); and
“(b)
A debit arises under this section to be recorded in the policyholder credit account of the consolidated group; and
“(c)
That debit is not offset, determined by applying the procedure set out in section 394e(4)(c) of this Act as if that policyholder credit account were an imputation credit account, against any credit in the consolidated group’s policyholder credit account which arose before the date or on the same date upon which the company credit arose—
the company credit shall, to the extent of that debit, be credited to the policyholder credit account of the consolidated group.
“(2)
Where at any time all or any part of any credit in a company’s policyholder credit account is credited to the policyholder credit account of a consolidated group, an amount equal to the credit so arising shall arise as a debit at that time to be recorded under section 394zzzb of this Act in the company’s policyholder credit account.
“(3)
Where under subsection (1) of this section credits in the individual policyholder credit accounts of 2 or more members of a consolidated group would, but for this subsection, be required to be credited to the group’s policyholder credit account, those credits shall be credited—
“(a)
In the order in which those credits arose, determined having regard to the procedure set out in section 394e(4)(c) of this Act as if that policyholder credit account were an imputation credit account; and
“(b)
If 2 or more credits arose at the same time,—
“(i)
In the order elected by the consolidated group in such manner as the Commissioner may allow; or
“(ii)
If no such election is made, on a pro rata basis,—
so far as the relevant debit to the group’s policyholder credit account extends and no further.
“191wc Application of policyholder credit account provisions to consolidated group, etc.
“(1)
The nominated company for a consolidated group may elect that all or part of any credit balance in the group’s policyholder credit account at the time of the election shall be credited in payment, so far as the liability extends, of any income tax payable by the group in respect of policyholder income under sections 205 to 205f of this Act.
“(2)
An election under subsection (1) of this section shall be made by recording the amount in respect of which the nominated company makes the election as a debit in the group’s policyholder credit account, and any amount so recorded as a debit in accordance with this subsection shall be credited, so far as it extends, in payment of any income tax or provisional tax payable by the group in respect of its policyholder income.
“(3)
The nominated company for a consolidated group may elect that all or any part of a credit balance in the groups policyholder credit account at the time of election shall be a credit to the group’s imputation credit account, which election shall be made in the manner specified in section 394zzzc(4) of this Act.
“(4)
Section 394zzzc(5) and (6) and section 394zzzd of this Act shall, with any necessary modifications, apply in any case where a consolidated group has a policyholder credit account as if—
“(a)
Each reference to the policyholder credit account company were a reference to the group; and
“(b)
Each reference to a provision of this Act applicable to an individual company were a reference to the equivalent provision of this Act applicable to consolidated groups.”
(2)
This section shall apply—
(a)
In this case of companies with a standard or late balance date for the 1993–94 income year, with respect to the tax on income derived in the 1993–94 income year and subsequent years:
(b)
In the case of companies with an early balance date for the 1993–94 year, with respect to the tax on income derived in the 1994–95 income year and subsequent years.
14 Crown Research Institutes
(1)
The principal Act is hereby amended by inserting, after section 197i the following section:
“197j
“(1)
In this section, the term ‘Crown Research Institute’ means a company formed and registered in accordance with section 11 of the Crown Research Institutes Act 1992.
“(2)
For the purposes of this Act, any payment received by a Crown Research Institute for the purpose of producing public good science outputs within the meaning of section 2 of the Foundation for Research, Science, and Technology Act 1990 is deemed to be assessable income.
“(3)
For the purposes of section 61(24) of this Act, a Crown Research Institute is not a society or association of the type referred to in that section.”
(2)
This section shall be deemed to have come into force on the 15th day of June 1992.
15 New sections substituted
(1)
The principal Act is hereby amended by repealing sections 214d to 214n (as inserted by section 15 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1990), and substituting the following sections:
“214d Interpretation—petroleum mining
“(1)
For the purposes of this section and sections 214e to 214n of this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—
“‘Appraisal well’ means a well drilled in a permit area in order to—
“(a)
Confirm the existence or non-existence, or the quantities or composition, of petroleum; or
“(b)
Ascertain whether or not petroleum is recoverable in commercial quantities:
“‘Commercial production’ means the production of petroleum—
“(a)
In a state suitable for delivery to a refinery, buyer, user, consumer, or processor; and
“(b)
In commercial quantities; and
“(c)
On a continuing basis:
“‘Consideration’ includes money received or receivable and the market value of property (other than money) received or receivable:
“‘Continental shelf has the same meaning as in the Continental Shelf Act 1964:
“‘Controlled petroleum mining company’ means any company that is a petroleum miner if—
“(a)
Ninety percent or more in value of its outstanding shares are held, directly or indirectly, by or for 5 or fewer persons; and
“(b)
The market value of any petroleum permit, including permit specific assets attributable to that permit, held by the company is at least 75 percent of the value of its assets less its liabilities as set forth in the company’s audited financial statement or accounts prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and with the requirements of the Companies Act 1955:
“‘Controlled petroleum mining entity’ means any—
“(a)
Controlled petroleum mining company; or
“(b)
Controlled petroleum mining holding company; or
“(c)
Controlled petroleum mining trust; or
“(d)
Controlled petroleum mining holding trust:
“‘Controlled petroleum mining holding company’ means any company if—
“(a)
Ninety percent or more in value of its outstanding shares are held, directly or indirectly, by or for 5 or fewer persons; and
“(b)
The aggregate market value of—
“(i)
All shares in petroleum mining companies; and
“(ii)
All shares in petroleum mining holding companies; and
“(iii)
All trust interests in petroleum miners that are trusts; and
“(iv)
All trust interests in petroleum mining holding trusts—
that are held by the company is at least 75 percent of the value of its assets less its liabilities, as set forth in the company’s audited financial statement or accounts prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and with the requirements of the Companies Act 1955:
“‘Controlled petroleum mining holding trust’ means any trust that is a petroleum miner if—
“(a)
Ninety percent or more in value of the trust is owned, directly or indirectly, by or for 5 or fewer persons; and
“(b)
The aggregate market value of—
“(i)
All trust interests in petroleum miners that are trusts; and
“(ii)
All trust interests in other petroleum mining holding trusts; and
“(iii)
All shares in petroleum miners that are companies; and
“(iv)
All shares in petroleum mining holding companies,—
that are held by the trust is at least 75 percent of the value of its assets less its liabilities, as set forth in the trust’s accounts prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles:
“‘Controlled petroleum mining trust’ means any trust that is a petroleum miner if—
“(a)
Ninety percent or more in value of the trust is owned, directly or indirectly, by or for 5 or fewer persons; and
“(b)
The market value of a petroleum permit, including permit specific assets attributable to that permit, held by the trust is at least 75 percent of the value of its assets less its liabilities, as shown in the trust’s accounts prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles:
“‘Date of first commercial production’ means the date on which petroleum commences to be produced from any permit area—
“(a)
In a state suitable for delivery to a refinery, buyer, user, consumer, or processor; and
“(b)
In commercial quantities; and
“(c)
On a continuing basis:
“‘Development expenditure’, in relation to a petroleum permit, means any expenditure incurred by a petroleum miner with respect to a permit area to the extent that any such expenditure is directly attributable to that permit area and is for the purpose of planning, constructing, or acquiring petroleum mining assets; but does not include any such expenditure to the extent that it is—
“(a)
Residual expenditure; or
“(b)
Exploration expenditure; or
“(c)
Any other expenditure which is deductible as incurred under any section of this Act other than sections 214d to 214n and which is not excluded from deductibility under section 106 of this Act:
“‘Development operations’ means all activities carried out in connection with—
“(a)
Developing a permit area for the production of petroleum; or
“(b)
Producing petroleum; or
“(c)
Processing, transmitting, or storing petroleum prior to its dispatch to a refinery, a buyer, a user, a consumer, or a processor; or
“(d)
Removal and restoration operations;—
but does not include further processing:
“‘Disposition’ means the sale or transfer of any assets, voluntarily or involuntarily, and includes loss or destruction; and the terms ‘dispose’ and ‘disposal’ have corresponding meanings:
“‘Exploration expenditure’ means exploratory well expenditure, prospecting expenditure, and expenditure incurred in acquiring a prospecting licence, a prospecting permit, or an exploration permit; but does not include any such expenditure to the extent that it is—
“(a)
Residual expenditure; or
“(b)
Expenditure that is deemed by section 214f(8) of this Act to be development expenditure:
“‘Exploration permit’ means an exploration permit within the meaning of section 2 of the Crown Minerals Act 1991 that relates to petroleum:
“‘Exploratory material’ means anything acquired as a result of exploratory well expenditure or prospecting expenditure:
“‘Exploratory well’ means a well drilled in a permit area in order to—
“(a)
Locate petroleum; or
“(b)
Confirm the existence or non-existence, or the quantities or composition, of petroleum; or
“(c)
Ascertain whether or not petroleum is recoverable in commercial quantities:
“‘Exploratory well expenditure’, in relation to a petroleum miner, a petroleum permit, and an exploratory well in the permit area, means all expenditure incurred by the petroleum miner in planning, drilling, testing, completing, and abandoning the exploratory well; but does not include any such expenditure to the extent that it is residual expenditure:
“‘Farm-in expenditure’ means expenditure of a kind referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) of the definition in this subsection of the term ‘farm-out arrangement’:
“‘Farm-out arrangement’ in relation to any petroleum permit held by a petroleum miner means any arrangement under which a person (hereafter referred to as the farm-in party) agrees with a petroleum miner (hereafter referred to as the farm-out party)—
“(a)
To incur expenditure on carrying out, after the date of the arrangement, work in, or in respect of, the area comprised in the petroleum permit; or
“(b)
To pay for work to be carried out, after the date of the arrangement, in, or in respect of, the area comprised in the petroleum permit;—
and the farm-in party in return—
“(c)
Acquires, or receives the right or option to acquire, or otherwise becomes entitled to acquire, an interest in the petroleum permit; or
“(d)
Becomes entitled to a direct or indirect interest in, or a direct or indirect right to reimbursement from, petroleum produced in the permit area or the profits, however measured, from petroleum so produced; or
“(e)
Becomes entitled to a royalty, rental, or other consideration of whatever nature, calculated by reference to petroleum produced from the petroleum permit area or the profits, however measured, from the petroleum so produced:
“‘First year of commercial production’, in respect of any permit area or any well, means the income year in which commercial production of petroleum from that permit area or well commences:
“‘Further processing’ means further treatment of crude oil, condensate, or natural gas (after the wellstream has been separated and stabilised into those substances) by way of liquefaction or compression or for the extraction of constituents or the production of derivative products, but does not include treatment at the production facilities:
“‘Geophysical prospecting’ means prospecting for petroleum by seismic, gravimetric, magnetic, electrical, radioactive, geochemical, or other geological methods:
“‘Land’ means all land within the territorial limits of New Zealand, and includes—
“(a)
Land below the territorial sea of New Zealand or any other waters within the territorial limits of New Zealand; and
“(b)
The continental shelf; and
“(c)
The seabed and subsoil below any sea which is beyond the territorial sea of New Zealand but which, by New Zealand legislation and in accordance with international law, has been or may hereafter be designated as an area in which the rights of New Zealand with respect to natural resources may be exercised:
“‘Mining licence’ has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Petroleum Act 1937:
“‘Natural gas’ means the gaseous mixtures of petroleum, in a stabilised form, which remain after the separation of crude oil or condensate from the wellstream in the production facilities and which have not been subjected to further processing:
“‘Offshore development’ means development operations where the major part of the facilities required for the extraction, production, treatment, processing, and separation of petroleum are required to be situated in the sea or in any area of foreshore that is on the seaward side of the mean high water mark:
“‘Onshore development’ means development operations which are not offshore developments:
“‘Permit’ has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Crown Minerals Act 1991:
“‘Permit area’ means the area of land comprised in a petroleum permit or a petroleum licence:
“‘Permit specific asset’ means any asset which is—
“(a)
Acquired by a petroleum miner for the purpose of carrying on development operations (or for the purpose of carrying on petroleum mining operations, to the extent that expenditure in respect of the asset is incurred before the 16th day of December 1991) in a permit area or areas; and
“(b)
Has an estimated useful life which is dependent on and is no longer than the remaining life of the petroleum permit with respect to that area or areas;—
but does not include any land or any petroleum permit:
“‘Petroleum’ has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Crown Minerals Act 1991:
“‘Petroleum licence’ means a prospecting licence or a mining licence:
“‘Petroleum miner’, in relation to a petroleum permit, means any person who carries on petroleum mining operations in that permit area, but does not include any person who carries on such operations for consideration that is not in the form of or contingent on—
“(a)
Production of petroleum from that permit area; or
“(b)
Profits from the production of petroleum from that permit area; or
“(c)
An interest or a right to an interest in that petroleum permit:
“‘Petroleum mining asset’ means a petroleum permit or a permit specific asset:
“‘Petroleum mining operations’ means all development operations and all activities carried out in connection with prospecting or exploring for petroleum:
“‘Petroleum permit’ means—
“(a)
A permit that relates to petroleum:
“(b)
A petroleum licence:
“‘Prospecting expenditure’ means any expenditure on any activity undertaken for the purpose of identifying land likely to contain exploitable petroleum deposits or occurrences; and includes—
“(a)
Geophysical prospecting; and
“(b)
Surveys;—
but does not include any such expenditure to the extent that it is residual expenditure:
“‘Prospecting licence’ has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Petroleum Act 1937:
“‘Prospecting permit’ means a prospecting permit within the meaning of section 2 of the Crown Minerals Act 1991 that relates to petroleum:
“‘Relinquishment’, in relation to a petroleum permit, means the surrender, abandonment, forfeiture, revocation, or expiry of the permit otherwise than for a replacement permit, and, in the case of a mining licence, includes the expiry of the initial term without any extension of the initial term or any extension to a specified term; and the terms ‘relinquish’ and ‘relinquished’ have corresponding meanings:
“‘Removal or restoration operations’ means—
“(a)
The removal by a petroleum miner of permit specific assets; or
“(b)
The restoration by a petroleum miner of any site at which its petroleum mining operations have been carried on—
by reason of the relinquishment of a petroleum permit for the licence area to which those permit specific assets were attributable or in which those petroleum mining operations were carried on:
“‘Replacement permit’, in relation to a petroleum permit, means a petroleum permit obtained in exchange, wholly or partly, for that petroleum permit over the same or part of the same area as that petroleum permit, and includes a sequential series of replacement petroleum permits to the extent that each petroleum permit in the series replaces the previous petroleum permit in the series:
“‘Residual expenditure’ means—
“(a)
Expenditure in respect of which the Commissioner allows a deduction under section 144 of this Act:
“(b)
Expenditure incurred in respect of—
“(i)
An application fee payable to the Crown in respect of a petroleum permit; or
“(ii)
Insurance premiums, royalties paid under the Petroleum Act 1937 or the Crown Minerals Act 1991, land tax, or rates; or
“(iii)
A lease of land or buildings; or
“(iv)
A financial arrangement (as defined in section 64b of this Act) to which sections 64b to 64l of this Act apply:
“(c)
Interest:
“‘Seal and abandonment’ means the seal and abandonment of an exploratory well where there has been filed a statutory declaration by a petroleum miner with the Commissioner that the petroleum miner has no intention of utilising that exploratory well in petroleum mining operations or of applying for a mining licence in respect of the area in which that exploratory well is located.
“(2)
For the purposes of sections 214e to 214n of this Act, except where the context otherwise requires,—
“(a)
Every reference to a petroleum mining asset shall also include a share or partial interest in such asset:
“(b)
Every reference to a petroleum permit shall also apply to a replacement permit, and all expenditure incurred, deductions claimed, and petroleum mining assets that are attributable to that petroleum permit shall be attributable to the replacement permit:
“(c)
A partner in a partnership shall be deemed to have a share or interest in every petroleum permit of the partnership and in all other property of the partnership in accordance with the partner’s income interest in the partnership:
“(d)
All references to the disposition of an asset shall apply to the disposal of part of an asset.
“(3)
Any reference in this section or in sections 214e to 214p of this Act to an income year includes a reference to a corresponding non-standing accounting year.
“214e Associated persons
“(1)
For the purposes of sections 214d to 214n of this Act, associated persons are—
“(a)
Any 2 companies which consist substantially of the same shareholders or are under the control of the same persons; or
“(b)
Any company and any person (other than a company) who holds, directly or indirectly, 50 percent or more of the paid-up capital or 50 percent or more in nominal value of the allotted shares of that company; or
“(c)
Any 2 persons who are relatives; or
“(d)
A partnership and any person where that person is a partner in the partnership; or
“(e)
A partnership and any person, where that person and any partner in that partnership are associated persons; or
“(f)
A trustee of a trust and a trustee of another trust, if the same person is a settlor of both trusts; or
“(g)
A trustee of a trust and a beneficiary of that trust; or
“(h)
A person and an organisation which is described in section 61(23) or section 61(25) or section 61(34) of this Act and which is controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or by a relative of such person.
“(2)
For the purposes of subsection (1) of this section—
“(a)
Shares in a company or interests in a partnership held directly or indirectly by or for a company, partnership, or trust shall be deemed to be held proportionately by or for the shareholders, partners, or beneficiaries in the company, trust, or partnership; and
“(b)
A person who is an individual shall be deemed to hold the shares in a company or the interest in a partnership which are held, or deemed to be held, by or for the person’s relatives; and
“(c)
Shares in a company or interests in a partnership deemed to be held by a person by reason of the application of paragraph (a) of this subsection shall, for the purposes of applying paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of this subsection, be treated as being held directly by that person, but shares or interests deemed to be held by a person by reason of the application of paragraph (b) of this subsection shall not be treated as being held by that person for the purpose of again applying paragraph (b) of this subsection in order to make another person the deemed holder of those shares or interests.
“214f Treatment of petroleum mining exploration and development expenditure
“(1)
Except as otherwise provided in this section and sections 214g to 214j of this Act, no deduction shall be allowed for expenditure in relation to petroleum mining that is—
“(a)
Exploration expenditure; or
“(b)
Development expenditure.
“(2)
Subject to subsection (3) of this section,—
“(a)
Exploration expenditure shall be deductible in the income year in which it is incurred:
“(b)
Development expenditure incurred in any income year shall be treated as deferred deductions and, to the extent such expenditure has not been deducted under any other subsection of this section or under sections 214g to 214j of this Act, shall be deductible by the petroleum miner in equal amounts over the 7 income years beginning—
“(i)
In the case of an offshore development, with the income year in which the expenditure was incurred; or
“(ii)
In the case of an onshore development, with the later of the income year in which the expenditure was incurred or the first year of commercial production.
“(3)
Any expenditure that—
“(a)
Was incurred by a petroleum miner on or after the 1st day of October 1990 and before the 16th day of December 1991; and
“(b)
Was or was deemed to be petroleum mining development expenditure within the meaning of sections 214d to 214m of this Act as in force before their repeal by section 15 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 5) 1992,—
shall be treated as deferred deductions and, to the extent such expenditure has not been deducted under subsection (4) or subsection (6) of this section, or under the said sections 214d to 214m as previously in force, shall be deductible by the petroleum miner in equal amounts over the 10 income years beginning with the later of—
“(c)
The first year of commercial production; or
“(d)
The income year in which the expenditure was incurred.
“(4)
For the purposes of sections 214d to 214n of this Act,—
“(a)
Deferred deductions in respect of expenditure incurred for the purpose of acquiring a permit specific asset shall be attributable to that asset and to the petroleum permit area to which the asset relates:
“(b)
Deferred deductions in respect of expenditure incurred for the purpose of acquiring a petroleum permit shall be attributable to the permit area to which the permit relates.
“(5)
Where a petroleum miner—
“(a)
Relinquishes a petroleum permit, any deferred deductions attributable to that permit or to any permit specific asset held solely in respect of that permit that have not been deducted previously shall be deductible in the year of relinquishment:
“(b)
Disposes of a petroleum mining asset for consideration, any deferred deductions that—
“(i)
Are attributable to the asset or to the relevant proportion of the asset so disposed of for consideration; and
“(ii)
Have not been previously deducted under this section, or previously reduced pursuant to subsection (6)(b) of this section (or pursuant to section 214i(2) of this Act as previously in force),—
shall be deductible in the year that that consideration is, under section 214h(1) of this Act, assessable income derived by the petroleum miner:
“Provided that where such consideration is derived in more than one income year, any deduction allowed in respect of the disposition shall be allocated between the income years in which the income is derived, and the deduction allowed in each year shall bear the same relation to total deductions allowed in respect of the disposition that the assessable income derived in that income year bears to the total assessable income derived in respect of the disposition:
“(c)
Seals and abandons an exploratory well prior to the date of first commercial production, any expenditure incurred before the 16th day of December 1991 in drilling, testing, completing, and abandoning that well that has not been deducted previously shall be deductible in the year the well is sealed and abandoned.
“(6)
Where a petroleum miner disposes of a petroleum mining asset to an associated person or (in the case of a disposition made on or after the 16th day of December 1991) to any person holding that asset on behalf of the petroleum miner or an associated person of the petroleum miner,—
“(a)
The petroleum miner shall be entitled to deductions under subsection (5)(b) of this section in respect of that asset only to the extent that the deductions do not exceed the assessable income derived by the petroleum miner from that disposition; and
“(b)
To the extent that deferred deductions in respect of that petroleum mining asset are not deductible under paragraph (a) of this subsection, the petroleum miner shall reduce any deferred deductions in respect of that petroleum mining asset by the amount which is not deductible under that paragraph.
“(7)
If, in the case of a disposal of a petroleum mining asset to which subsection (6) of this section applies,—
“(a)
The person who acquired the asset from the petroleum miner subsequently disposes of the asset to a person not associated with the petroleum miner, then, unless paragraph (b) of this subsection earlier applies, the person so subsequently disposing of the asset shall be entitled to a deduction in respect of the subsequent disposition equal to the amount that was not deductible to the petroleum miner by virtue of subsection (6)(a) of this section:
“(b)
The petroleum miner and the person who acquired the asset cease to be associated persons, then, unless paragraph (a) of this section earlier applies, the petroleum miner shall be entitled to a deduction, in the income year in which the miner and the person ceased to be associated persons, equal to the amount that was deductible to the petroleum miner under subsection (6)(a) of this section:
“Provided that where it appears to the Commissioner that the petroleum miner and the person ceased to be associated persons for the purpose, or for purposes including the purpose (not being a merely incidental purpose) of obtaining a deduction under this subsection, the petroleum miner and the person shall for the purposes of this paragraph continue to be treated as associated persons, and the Commissioner may adjust any return accordingly.
“(8)
Where a permit or a permit specific asset is purchased by a person at a time when—
“(a)
Petroleum is being produced in commercial quantities on a continuing basis under the permit; or
“(b)
An application for a mining permit for the permit area has been made by a person having the right to make such an application under section 32(3) of the Crown Minerals Act 1991,—
all of the expenditure incurred by the person in purchasing the permit or permit specific asset shall be deemed to be development expenditure.
“(9)
Where an exploratory well is used by a petroleum miner for the commercial production of petroleum (whether or not the well has been previously sealed and abandoned),—
“(a)
The petroleum miner shall be deemed to have derived, in the first year of commercial production from the well, assessable income equal to—
“(i)
The amount of exploratory well expenditure directly attributable to the drilling or acquisition of the well that has been or is to be deducted by the petroleum miner; and
“(ii)
The amount of exploratory well expenditure (or the relevant proportion thereof, if the petroleum miner has a part interest only in the well) directly attributable to the drilling or acquisition of the well that has been or is to be deducted by any holder of an earlier interest in the well:
“Provided that this paragraph shall apply only to expenditure incurred in relation to either the same permit as that held by the petroleum miner, or any earlier permit the holding of which conferred the entitlement to obtain the permit held by the petroleum miner by virtue of section 32(3) of the Crown Minerals Act 1991; and
“(b)
For the purposes of this section, the amount of expenditure referred to in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of paragraph (a) of this section shall be treated as an amount of development expenditure incurred by the petroleum miner in the first year of commercial production from the well, and shall be deductible to the petroleum miner under the provisions of this section accordingly.
“214g Special rules
“(1)
A11 expenditure incurred by a petroleum miner for removal or restoration operations shall be allowed as a deduction in the income year or years in which such expenditure is incurred.
“(2)
If a petroleum miner has a loss for any income year in which—
“(a)
Expenditure for removal or restoration operations is incurred; or
“(b)
A permit is relinquished and deferred deductions are deductible under section 214f(5)(a) of this Act,—
the amount of any such expenditure or deferred deductions that cannot be deducted in full in that income year shall be allowable as a deduction in the years preceding the loss year, beginning with the income year immediately preceding the loss year, and the petroleum miner shall have the right to amend its returns for such income years notwithstanding section 25 of this Act.
“214h Disposal of petroleum mining assets
“(1)
Subject to section 214i(2) of this Act, the consideration received by a petroleum miner from the disposal of a petroleum mining asset or the disposal of exploratory material shall be assessable income to the petroleum miner in the year the consideration is derived.
“(2)
The consideration paid by a person acquiring a petroleum mining asset shall—
“(a)
Where the asset is a prospecting licence, a prospecting permit, or an exploration permit and the consideration is paid on or after the 16th day of December 1991, be deemed to be exploration expenditure; and
“(b)
Where the consideration was paid before the 16th day of December 1991, be deemed to be petroleum mining development expenditure to which section 214f(3) of this Act applies; and
“(c)
In any other case, be deemed to be development expenditure,—
incurred by the person in the year the petroleum mining asset is disposed of by the petroleum miner to the person.
“(3)
The consideration paid by a person in acquiring exploratory material shall be deemed to be exploration expenditure in the year the exploratory material is disposed of by the petroleum miner to the person, except to the extent that the consideration constitutes expenditure incurred before the 16th day of December 1991 to which section 214f(3) of this Act applies.
“214i Farm-out arrangements
“(1)
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, but subject to subsection (3) of this section, any farm-in expenditure incurred by a farm-in party pursuant to a farm-out arrangement—
“(a)
Shall be treated as development expenditure, exploratory well expenditure, or prospecting expenditure, as the case may be, incurred in the income year or years such expenditure is incurred by the farm-in party; and
“(b)
Shall be deductible to the farm-in party in accordance with the provisions of section 214f of this Act.
“(2)
Notwithstanding section 214h(1) or any other provision of this Act, no farm-in expenditure incurred by a farm-in party pursuant to a farm-out arrangement shall constitute assessable income to the farm-out party.
“(3)
Where any arrangement entered into before the 16th day of December 1991 was a farm-out arrangement within the meaning of section 214d of this Act as in force before its repeal by section 15 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 5) 1992, then, notwithstanding anything in this Act,—
“(a)
Any excess expenditure (as defined in the said section 214d as previously in force) in relation to that farm-out arrangement, whether incurred before, on, or after the 16th day of December 1991, shall not constitute assessable income to the transferor (as so previously defined); and
“(b)
Any such excess expenditure shall—
“(i)
To the extent it was incurred before the 16th day of December 1991 and has not previously been deducted, be deductible by the transferee (as so previously defined) in accordance with subsection (3) (and, where appropriate, subsections (5) and (6), other than subsection (5)(c)) of section 214f of this Act:
“(ii)
To the extent it is incurred on or after the 16th day of December 1991, be deductible by the transferee (as so previously defined) under section 214f of this Act (other than subsection (3)) according to whether it is development expenditure, exploration expenditure, or exploratory well expenditure; and
“(c)
The transferor (as so previously defined) under that farmout arrangement shall reduce in accordance with subsection (4) of this section (but shall not deduct) any deductions attributable to—
“(i)
The petroleum licence or petroleum permit to which that farm-out arrangement relates; and
“(ii)
Any licence specific assets (as previously so defined) or permit specific assets held for the purpose of conducting petroleum mining operations in respect of that petroleum licence or permit,—
whether or not those deductions relate to expenditure incurred before, on, or after the 16th day of December 1991, and whether or not such expenditure is exploration expenditure or development expenditure (but not being deductions of a kind referred to in paragraphs (a) to (c) of subsection (4) of this section).
“(4)
The amount by which a transferor is in any income year to reduce deductions under subsection (3)(c) of this section shall be the amount that would have been determined under subsections (2) and (3) of section 214i of this Act as in force before its repeal by section 15 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 5) 1992 (and as subject to the definitions in section 214d of this Act as so previously in force), except that references to deferred deductions in the said subsections (2) and (3) shall be read as references to any deductions, whether deferred or not, attributable to the relevant licence or permit or asset other than—
“(a)
Deductions in respect of residual expenditure; and
“(b)
Deductions in respect of expenditure incurred on or before the date the application for a prospecting licence or prospecting permit was submitted with respect to the relevant licence area; and
“(c)
Deductions in respect of any expenditure that is neither exploration expenditure nor development expenditure.
“214j Damaged assets
“(1)
Any consideration for damage to a permit specific asset shall be assessable income in the income year such consideration is derived by the petroleum miner.
“(2)
The costs of repair of a damaged permit specific asset shall be deductible in the income year such costs are incurred.
“214k Dispositions of shares or trust interests
“(1)
Any consideration derived from the disposition of shares or trust interests in a controlled petroleum mining entity shall be assessable income to the person disposing of the shares or trust interests.
“(2)
The cost to the person disposing of such shares or trust interests shall be deductible by the person in the year the consideration is assessable income to the person.
“(3)
This section shall not apply to a disposition of shares or trust interests where that disposition, together with all other dispositions in the controlled petroleum mining entity made by the person disposing of the shares or trust interests during the preceding 2 income years, comprises less than 10 percent of the person’s shares or trust interests in the entity calculated in the year of the disposition.
“(4)
Every controlled petroleum mining entity shall furnish to the Commissioner, with its annual return, the following information with respect to dispositions to which this section applies that are made during the relevant income year:
“(a)
The date of the disposition; and
“(b)
The number of shares, or the proportion of the trust represented by the trust interest, comprised in the disposition; and
“(c)
The name and address of the person disposing of and the person acquiring the shares or trust interest.
“(5)
For the purposes of this section, persons associated with each other shall be deemed to be one person.
“214l Determinations in relation to petroleum mining operations
“(1)
For the purposes of this Act, if a question arises as to—
“(a)
In any case where the holder of a petroleum permit disposes of the permit, the proportion of the permit disposed of; or
“(b)
In any case where a petroleum permit is disposed of together with petroleum mining assets, the consideration and the deferred deductions to be attributed to—
“(i)
The permit; and
“(ii)
The permit specific assets; or
“(c)
Whether, and if so when, a permit has been relinquished; or
“(d)
The year or date of first commercial production for a permit area in which a petroleum miner holds an interest; or
“(e)
Whether any expenditure incurred before the 16th day of December 1991 on an exploratory well or an appraisal well contributed to defining the scope, character, or size of any deposit of petroleum; or
“(f)
In the case where petroleum mining operations are carried on outside New Zealand, the foreign equivalent of—
“(i)
A prospecting permit; or
“(ii)
A mining permit; or
“(iii)
The extension of a mining permit; or
“(iv)
The relinquishment of a permit,—
any such question shall be determined, for the purposes of ascertaining the assessable income of the petroleum miner for any year,—
“(g)
By agreement between the petroleum miner or petroleum miners affected and the Commissioner; or
“(h)
In the absence of such agreement, by the Commissioner after consulting, if the Commissioner considers it necessary, with the Energy and Resources Division of the Ministry of Commerce, or any other organisation or person having relevant expertise or information.
“(2)
Where the Commissioner is satisfied that a determination made under this section should be varied or rescinded, or restricted or extended in scope, the Commissioner may make a fresh determination (whether by agreement with the petroleum miner or miners affected or by the Commissioner after such consultation, if any, as the Commissioner considers necessary) which shall be effective to vary, rescind, restrict, or extend the earlier determination.
“(3)
Where the Commissioner makes a determination under subsection (1) or subsection (2) of this section,—
“(a)
The determination shall be subject to such terms and conditions as are agreed or as the Commissioner may specify; and
“(b)
The Commissioner shall give written notice of the determination and any such terms and conditions to the petroleum miner in respect of whom the determination is made within a reasonable period of time.
“(4)
Where a petroleum miner affected by a determination made under subsection (1) or subsection (2) of this section is dissatisfied with the determination, the petroleum miner may object to the determination by delivering or posting to the Commissioner, within one month after the date on which notice of the determination has been given by the Commissioner, a written notice of objection stating shortly the grounds of the objection.
“(5)
Except where it is otherwise expressly provided, Part III of this Act, except section 36, shall, in relation to any objection to a determination under this section, apply with any necessary modifications in the same manner and to the same extent as if the objection were an objection made under section 30(1) or, in the case of a late objection, section 30(2) of this Act.
“(6)
For the purpose of determining any question under subsection (1) or subsection (2) of this section, the Commissioner may consult with the appropriate government department or other body, or with any other organisation or person having relevant expertise or information, and any government department or government body so consulted shall provide such assistance or advice as the Commissioner reasonably requires.
“(7)
Nothing in subsection (4) or subsection (5) of this section prevents a taxpayer from challenging a determination made by the Commissioner under this section in the course of an objection by the taxpayer to an assessment or a determination under section 19 of this Act, unless—
“(a)
An objection under subsection (4) of this section has been lodged by the taxpayer and has been determined; and
“(b)
The objection to the assessment or determination under section 19 of this Act is on the same or substantially similar grounds as those of the objection so lodged and determined.
“214m Petroleum mining operations carried on outside New Zealand
“(1)
Sections 214d to 214n of this Act shall apply with any necessary modifications in the case of any petroleum miner carrying on outside New Zealand through a branch, or through a controlled foreign company within the meaning of section 245c of this Act, petroleum mining operations of substantially the same nature as the activities governed by those sections.
“(2)
For the purposes of section 214l(1)(f) of this Act the equivalents in the context of the relevant foreign regime for the licensing and conduct of petroleum mining operations of—
“(a)
Obtaining a permit; or
“(b)
Whether or when a permit has been relinquished; or
“(c)
Any other relevant document or matter relating to the licensing and conduct of petroleum mining operations,—
shall, to such extent as is practicable in the circumstances, be determined by analogy with the Crown Minerals Act 1991.
“214ma Certain arrangements to avoid or alter incidence of tax to be void
“(1)
Without limiting the provisions of section 99 of this Act, where the Commissioner considers that any arrangement consisting of—
“(a)
A disposal of any petroleum mining asset on or after the 1st day of July 1992, together with any related arrangements (if any); or
“(b)
The incurring of exploration expenditure on or after the 1st day of July 1992, together with any related arrangements (if any); or
“(c)
A farm-out arrangement entered into on or after the 16th day of December 1991, together with any related arrangements (if any),—
has the effect or has been entered into for a purpose of tax avoidance as defined in section 99 of this Act, the Commissioner may, in accordance with that section, adjust the assessable income of any person affected by the arrangement so as to counteract any tax advantage obtained by that person.
“(2)
Without limiting the generality of subsection (1) of this section, and for the purposes of that subsection, an arrangement having the effect of tax avoidance shall include—
“(a)
An arrangement involving the disposal, on or after the 1st day of July 1992, of any petroleum mining asset where it is probable at the time the arrangement is entered into that the person acquiring the petroleum mining asset—
“(i)
Will through a related arrangement, whether in relation to an associated person or otherwise, not have to suffer the whole or part of the expenditure of acquiring the petroleum mining asset; or
“(ii)
Will be (or has been or is) effectively compensated in some way for the whole or part of such expenditure:
“(b)
An arrangement involving the incurring, on or after the 1st day of July 1992, of exploration expenditure where it is probable at the time the arrangement is entered into that the person who is to incur the exploration expenditure—
“(i)
Will through a related arrangement, whether in relation to an associated person or otherwise, not have to suffer the whole or part of the exploration expenditure; or
“(ii)
Will be (or has been or is) effectively compensated in some way for whole or part of the exploration expenditure:
“(c)
An arrangement, involving a farm-out arrangement entered into on or after the 16th day of December 1991, where it is probable at the time the arrangement is entered into that—
“(i)
The farm-in party will through a related arrangement, whether in relation to an associated person or otherwise, not have to suffer the whole or part of the farm-in expenditure attributable to the proportionate interest acquired by the farm-in party under the farm-out arrangement; or
“(ii)
The farm-in party or an associated person will be (or has been or is) effectively compensated in some way for the whole or part of such farm-in expenditure:
“(d)
An arrangement whereby a petroleum miner disposes of a petroleum mining asset to an associated person on or after the 1st day of July 1992 for the purpose, or for purposes including the purpose, of ensuring that the associated person secures the benefit of a greater deduction than that which would have been available if the asset had been disposed of for its market value:
“(e)
An arrangement whereby a petroleum miner enters into a farm-out arrangement with an associated person on or after the 16th day of December 1991 for the purpose, or for purposes including the purpose, of ensuring that the associated person receives the benefit of a greater deduction than would have been available if the farm-out arrangement had been entered into on substantially the same terms as those on which it would have been entered into with a person not associated with the petroleum miner.
“214n Application of sections 214d to 214m, and transitional provisions
“(1)
Except as otherwise expressly provided, sections 214d to 214m of this Act shall apply to—
“(a)
Expenditure incurred or deemed to be incurred on or after the 1st day of October 1990; and
“(b)
Assessable income derived from the disposal of shares or trust interests in controlled petroleum mining entities on or after the 1st day of October 1990, but only to the extent of the difference between the consideration derived from such disposal and the market value of each such share or interest on the 1st day of October 1990; and
“(c)
Assessable income derived from the disposal of petroleum mining assets on or after the 1st day of October 1990, but, where such assets were disposed of between the 1st day of October 1990 and before the 1st day of July 1992, only to the extent of the difference between the consideration derived from such disposal and the market value of each such asset on the 1st day of October 1990.
“(2)
For the purposes of determining the amount of consideration that is assessable income to a petroleum miner from the disposal of petroleum mining assets on or after the 1st day of October 1990 and before the 1st day of July 1992, petroleum miners shall determine the market value, as at the 1st day of October 1990, of each petroleum mining asset that they held on that date, and in no event shall the market value of any such asset be less than the value of that asset reported on the petroleum miner’s audited financial statement.
“(3)
For the purposes of determining the amount of consideration that is derived by a person under section 214k of this Act, every holder of a share or trust interest to which that section applies shall determine the market value, as at the 1st day of October 1990, of such shares or interest held by that holder on that date.”
(2)
This section shall apply on and after the 1st day of October 1990 in the manner indicated in section 214n of the principal Act (as substituted by subsection (1) of this section).
16 Branch equivalent income calculation
Section 245j(6) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 24 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 5) 1988) is hereby amended by inserting, after paragraph (i), the following paragraph:
“(ia)
Sections 191a to 191wc:”.
17 Liability for tax payable by company left with insufficient assets
Section 276 of the principal Act (as substituted by section 34 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by omitting from the last sentence in subsection (1) the expression “sections 8a to 8f”
, and substituting the expression “sections 8a to 8d”
.
18 Non-resident withholding tax on dividends not paid in money
(1)
Section 313(1) of the principal Act (as substituted by section 37(1) of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by omitting from paragraph (b)(i) the expression “item a”
, and substituting the expression “item b”
.
(2)
This section, shall apply with respect to dividends paid on or after the 1st day of April 1992.
19 Resident withholding tax deductions varied to correct errors
(1)
Section 327f of the principal Act (as inserted by section 12(1) of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1989) is hereby amended by repealing subsections (2) and (3), and substituting the following subsections:
“(2)
Where a person deducts from any payment an amount on account of resident withholding tax that is in excess of the amount of resident withholding tax required to be deducted under this Part of this Act due to an error on the part of that person, the person may pay the excess to the recipient of the payment at any time on or before the 31st day of March in the year in which the deduction was made if, at that time,—
“(a)
In the case of an excess deduction from a payment of interest or specified dividends, either—
“(i)
A resident withholding tax deduction certificate including that excess deduction has not been issued; or
“(ii)
Any resident withholding tax deduction certificate including that excess deduction has been returned and cancelled:
“(b)
In the case of an excess deduction from a payment of dividends other than specified dividends, either—
“(i)
A shareholder dividend statement including the excess deduction has not been issued for the purposes of section 394i of this Act; or
“(ii)
Any such shareholder dividend statement including the excess deduction has been returned and cancelled.
“(3)
Where a person refunds an excess amount to a recipient in accordance with subsection (2) of this section,—
“(a)
That excess amount shall cease for the purposes of this Act to be a resident withholding tax deduction; and
“(b)
The person shall, if any previously issued resident withholding tax deduction certificate or shareholder dividend statement that includes the excess deduction has been returned and cancelled, give to the recipient an amended certificate or statement; and
“(c)
The person may, where the excess deduction has been paid to the Commissioner, either—
“(i)
Offset the amount of the refunded excess against any tax deductions subsequently payable to the Commissioner in accordance with section 327e of this Act (which offset shall be noted in the statement required by subsection (5) of that section); or
“(ii)
Apply for a refund of the excess under section 327g of this Act.”
(2)
This section shall apply with respect to deductions of resident withholding tax made on or after the 1st day of April 1992.
20 Refunds of deductions
(1)
Section 327g(1) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 12(1) of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1989) is hereby amended by omitting the words “to the person deriving the amount from which the deduction was made”
.
(2)
Section 327g of the principal Act (as so inserted) is hereby amended by inserting, after subsection (1), the following subsection:
“(1a)
Any refund under subsection (1) of this section shall be paid to—
“(a)
The person deriving the amount from which the deduction was made; or
“(b)
The person who made the excess deduction, if that person has, in accordance with subsection (2) of section 327f of this Act, paid the excess to the person deriving the amount from which the deduction was made and has not offset that amount under subsection (3)(c) of that section.”
(3)
Section 327g(3) of the principal Act (as so inserted) is hereby amended by inserting, after the expression “subsection (1) of this section”
, the expression “(and, where appropriate, section 327f(2) of this Act)”
.
(4)
This section shall apply with respect to deductions of resident withholding tax made on or after the 1st day of April 1992.
21 Amount of resident withholding tax deduction deemed to have been received
(1)
Section 327za of the principal Act (as inserted by section 12(1) of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1989) is hereby amended by omitting from paragraph (b) the words “In the case of any payment of interest or specified dividends,”
.
(2)
Section 26 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 4) 1989 is hereby consequentially repealed.
(3)
This section shall be deemed to have come into force on the 1st day of April 1992.
22 Bond, etc., in lieu of tax deductions in case of certain non-resident employees
The principal Act is hereby amended by inserting, after section 350, the following section:
“350a
“(1)
Where the Commissioner is satisfied on the written application of any employer that it cannot be reasonably determined, at the time that a tax deduction is or will be required to be made from a source deduction payment under this Part of this Act, whether or not any employee of that employer will in respect of that source deduction payment be exempt from income tax under this Act pursuant to—
“(a)
Any provision of arrangements to which effect is given by an Order in Council made under section 294 of this Act; or
“(b)
Section 61(19) of this Act,—
the Commissioner may accept from the employer a bond or other form of security satisfactory to the Commissioner securing the payment, on terms acceptable to the Commissioner, of the tax deductions that would, but for this section, have been required to be deducted under this Part of this Act from source deduction payments made to the employee.
“(2)
Where the Commissioner accepts from an employer a bond or other security under subsection (1) of this section, no tax deduction need be made by the employer under this Part of this Act from any source deduction payment made to the employee.
“(3)
Subsection (2) of this section shall cease to apply in respect of any employer and employee immediately upon the earlier of—
“(a)
The occurrence of any event (including the passing of any date or period) that, in terms of any provision of arrangements to which effect is given by an Order in Council made under section 294 of this Act, or in terms of section 61(19) of this Act, renders the employee liable to income tax under this Act; or
“(b)
Such date as may be specified by the Commissioner by notice in writing to the employer (being a date not earlier than that on which the notice is given) as that after which tax deductions are to be made from source deduction payments made to the employee,—
and tax deductions shall thereafter be made by the employer in accordance with this Part of this Act.
“(4)
Where the Commissioner is satisfied that an employee is liable for income tax in respect of any source deduction payment from which no tax deduction was made by virtue of subsection (2) of this section,—
“(a)
The Commissioner shall advise the employer accordingly by notice in writing; and
“(b)
The employer shall account for, and pay to the Commissioner, an amount equal to the tax deductions that would have been due in respect of that employee if subsection (2) of this section had not applied, or such lesser amount as may be determined by the Commissioner.
“(5)
Any amount paid to the Commissioner pursuant to subsection (4) of this section shall be deemed to be a tax deduction made from a source deduction payment under this Part of this Act, and shall be deemed to have been made on the date that notice was given by the Commissioner pursuant to that subsection.”
23 Interpretation—qualifying companies
Section 393a(2) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 48 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by omitting from paragraph (a) the expression “sections 8a to 8e”
, and substituting the expression “sections 8a to 8d”
.
24 Revocation of shareholder elections
(1)
Section 393e(2) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 48 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by repealing paragraph (b), and substituting the following paragraph:
“(b)
Upon the sale or other disposal of all the shares in the shareholding in relation to which the election was made (unless those shares are sold or otherwise disposed of to an existing shareholder in the company for whose shareholding a valid shareholder election is already in effect):”.
(2)
This section shall apply with respect to the 1992–93 income year and subsequent years.
25 Period of grace for new elections
(1)
Section 393f of the principal Act (as inserted by section 48 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by repealing subsection (3), and substituting the following subsection:
“(3)
A company shall not cease to be a qualifying company by reason only of a failure to comply with section 393b(1)(f) of this Act due to—
“(a)
The acquisition of shares in the company by a person other than an existing shareholder (whether by purchase, issue, allotment, or otherwise); or
“(b)
An existing shareholder becoming sui juris,—
if, within the period of 63 days following the date upon which the shares were acquired or the shareholder became sui juris, or within such extended period as the Commissioner may allow on the application of the new shareholder or the newly sui juris shareholder, or of any other person who may make a shareholder election in respect of the relevant shareholding, a valid shareholder election is made in respect of that shareholding.”
(2)
This section shall apply with respect to the 1992–93 income year and subsequent years.
26 Liability of electing shareholder for income tax of company
(1)
Section 393h(1) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 48 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended—
(a)
By inserting, after the words “liable for a percentage of any income tax payable by a company”
, the words “then, while the Commissioner shall assess the company in the first instance,”
:
(b)
By omitting from the beginning of paragraph (a) the words “That person shall be assessable and liable in accordance with this Act as agent for the company”
, and substituting the words “The Commissioner may assess that person, and where the Commissioner does so the person shall be assessable and liable as agent under this Act accordingly, as if the person were an agent for the company,”
:
(c)
By omitting from the end of paragraph (a) the words “, as if that person were the company”
.
(2)
The said section 393h(1) is hereby further amended by repealing paragraph (b), and substituting the following paragraph:
“(b)
No assessment of the company in respect of such income tax shall preclude an assessment of that person for such income tax, and no assessment of that person in respect of such income tax shall preclude an assessment of the company for such income tax.”
27 Taxation of shareholders in qualifying companies
(1)
Section 393i of the principal Act (as inserted by section 48 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by repealing subsection (3), and substituting the following subsections:
“(3)
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, where in any income year any shareholder in a qualifying company incurs any interest expenditure in respect of money borrowed to acquire shares in that company, in calculating the income of that shareholder in respect of that income year no deduction shall be allowed under section 106 of this Act for such interest to the extent of the amount of any non-cash dividends (other than taxable bonus issues) which that shareholder derives from that company in that income year.
“(3a)
For the purpose only of determining whether a deduction is allowed under section 106 of this Act for interest expenditure incurred in respect of money borrowed to acquire shares in a qualifying company—
“(a)
Section 393m of this Act shall be treated as not applying to exempt from income tax distributions from a qualifying company to a shareholder of that company; and
“(b)
Such distributions shall be treated as excluded from the definition of the term dividends under section 4 of this Act.”
(2)
This section shall apply with respect to the 1992–93 income year and subsequent years.
28 Taxation of qualifying company
(1)
Section 393j(a) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 48 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by repealing subparagraph (i), and substituting the following subparagraph:
“(i)
The dividend is a dividend to which section 63(2a) of this Act applies; or”.
(2)
This section shall apply to dividends paid to a qualifying company in the company’s 1992–93 income year or any subsequent year.
29 Taxation on election to become qualifying company
(1)
Section 393k(2) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 48 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by omitting the formula, and substituting the following formula:
(2)
Section 393k(2) of the principal Act (as so inserted) is hereby further amended by omitting item c, and substituting the following item:
“c
is, subject to subsection (4) of this section, the aggregate of the following amounts:
“(a)
The amount of the balance in the company’s imputation credit account immediately before the time at which the company became a qualifying company:
“(b)
The amount of the balance in the company’s dividend withholding payment account immediately before the time at which the company became a qualifying company:
“(c)
Any amount of income tax that—
“(i)
Is payable by the company in relation to an income year earlier than that in which the company became a qualifying company; and
“(ii)
Has not been paid by the company before the time it became a qualifying company; and
“(iii)
Is tax that, when paid, gives rise to a credit to the company’s imputation credit account under section 394d of this Act,—
less the amount of any income tax refund due in respect of any such earlier year that is paid to the company, or credited or available to be credited in payment of any income tax liability of the company, after the time it became a qualifying company and that gives rise, when paid or credited, to a debit to the company’s imputation credit account under section 394e of this Act:
“(d)
Any amount of dividend withholding payment that—
“(i)
Is payable by the company in relation to dividends received before the time the company became a qualifying company; and
“(ii)
Has not been paid by the company before that time,—
less the amount of any refund of dividend withholding payment made or due after that time to the company in relation to dividend withholding payment paid in respect of dividends received before that time.’’
(3)
This section shall apply in respect of qualifying company election tax payable in relation to elections to become a qualifying company for the 1992–93 income year or any subsequent year.
30 Payment of qualifying company election tax
(1)
Section 393l of the principal Act (as inserted by section 14(1) of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by inserting in subsection (1)(a), after the expression “section 388(2)”
, the expression “, or as the case may be section 395(2),”
.
(2)
Section 393l of the principal Act (as so inserted) is hereby further amended by repealing subsections (6) and (7), and substituting the following subsections:
“(6)
For the purposes of section 106(1)(f) of this Act, the expression ‘income tax’ shall include any qualifying company election tax, any penalty by way of additional tax paid under this section, and any amount in the nature of interest paid under section 393u of this Act.
“(7)
Subject to this section, the provisions of this Act, so far as they are applicable and with any necessary modifications, shall apply with respect to qualifying company election tax, and to any additional tax payable under this section and any amount in the nature of interest payable under section 393u of this Act, as if it were income tax levied under section 38 of this Act, but nothing in this section shall be so construed as to include qualifying company election tax or any such additional tax or amount in the nature of interest in the expressions ‘income tax’ or ‘tax’ for the purposes of Parts IV and XII and sections 398a and 413a of this Act.”
31 Dividends from qualifying company
(1)
Section 393m(5) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 48 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended—
(a)
By inserting in paragraph (d), after the words “paid to the shareholder”
, the words “in the imputation year”
:
(b)
By adding to paragraph (d) the expression and”.
(2)
Section 393m(5) of the principal Act (as so inserted) is hereby further amended by adding the following paragraph:
“(e)
In addition to the information to be included in a shareholder dividend statement under paragraph (d) of this subsection, the company shall, where it is requested to do so by the shareholder, include in the shareholder dividend statement a statement of the amount of non-cash dividends paid to the shareholder during the imputation year.”
32 Revocation of loss attribution elections, and new elections
(1)
Section 393o of the principal Act (as inserted by section 48 of the Income Tax Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by revoking subsection (1), and substituting the following subsections:
“(1)
Any notice of election made in respect of any loss attributing qualifying company in accordance with section 393n(1)(c) of this Act may be revoked—
“(a)
By resolution of the board of directors of the company; or
“(b)
By any one or more shareholders of the company who are sui juris and whose effective interests in the company aggregate not less than 50 percent; or
“(c)
Where the effective interests in the company of all sui juris shareholders aggregate less than 50 percent, jointly by all sui juris shareholders of the company,—
by furnishing to the Commissioner a notice in writing in such form as the Commissioner may allow.
“(1a)
A revocation under subsection (1) of this section shall take effect on the latest of—
“(a)
The first day of the income year of the company in which the notice was furnished to both the Commissioner and the company; or
“(b)
The first day of such later income year as is specified in the notice of revocation; or
“(c)
On the first day of such later income year as the Commissioner may specify, where—
“(i)
Having regard to the criteria referred to in section 393g(2) of this Act, the Commissioner considers it appropriate to defer the date on which the company would cease to be a loss attributing qualifying company, and thus a qualifying company; and
“(ii)
The company applies for such a deferral.”
(2)
Section 393o(2) of the principal Act (as so inserted) is hereby amended by omitting the words “or director”
.
(3)
This section shall apply with respect to the 1992–93 income year and subsequent years.
33 Concessional rate of qualifying company election tax for 1992–93 year, and carrying forward of losses
(1)
Section 393t(2) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 48 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992) is hereby amended by omitting the formula, and substituting the following formula:
(2)
Section 393t(2) of the principal Act (as so inserted) is hereby further amended by inserting in paragraph (ii), after the words “dividends received by the company”
, the words “(other than from another company that is treated under this Act as being a qualifying company on the first day of its 1992–93 income year)”
.
(3)
Section 393t(3) of the principal Act (as so inserted) is hereby amended—
(a)
By inserting at the beginning of the subsection the words “Subject to subsection (4) of this section,”
:
(b)
By omitting from item f the words “whether cash or noncash dividends”
, and substituting the words “not being non-cash dividends other than taxable bonus issues”
:
(c)
By inserting in item f, after the words “by way of dividend withholding payment”
, the words “, or dividends derived from another company that is also treated under this Act as being a qualifying company on the first day of its 1992–93 income year”
:
(d)
By omitting from item h the words “whether cash or noncash dividends”
, and substituting the words “not being non-cash dividends other than taxable bonus issues”
.
(4)
Section 393t of the principal Act (as so inserted) is hereby amended by adding the following subsection:
“(4)
Where the Commissioner considers that the amount of qualifying company election tax calculated under this section in respect of a company that elects to become a qualifying company for the 1992–93 income year would have been significantly greater had non-cash dividends not been excluded from the calculation of the amounts in items f and h of the formula in subsection (3) of this section, the taxpayer shall calculate and pay qualifying company election tax as if noncash dividends were not so excluded.”
(5)
This section shall apply in respect of qualifying company election tax payable in relation to elections to become a qualifying company for the 1992–93 income year.
34 Date for payment of 1992–93 year qualifying company election tax, and interest to be added in certain cases
(1)
The principal Act is hereby amended by inserting, after section 393t (as inserted by section 14(1) of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992), the following section:
“393u
“(1)
Notwithstanding section 393l(1) of this Act, where a company has made an election in accordance with section 393s of this Act to become a qualifying company for the 1992–93 income year,—
“(a)
Any qualifying company election tax payable in respect of that election shall be due and payable on the day which is for that company the due date for payment of income tax payable on income derived in the 1992–93 income year; but
“(b)
The company shall also pay to the Commissioner an amount in the nature of interest in respect of any amount of that tax payable that has not been paid on or before the 7th day of the 12th month of the company’s 1992–93 income year, whether or not the election to become a qualifying company was actually made, or the notice of election received by the Commissioner, before that day.
“(2)
The amount in the nature of interest payable under subsection (1)(b) of this section shall be, for each day in the period that—
“(a)
Commences with the 8th day of the 12th month of the company’s 1992–93 income year; and
“(b)
Ends with the day preceding the due date for payment of the qualifying company election tax under subsection (1)(a) of this section,—
an amount calculated in accordance with the following formula:
where—
“a
is the amount of qualifying company election tax that remains unpaid at the commencement of that day; and
“b
is the specified rate of interest (as defined in section 398a of this Act) for that day.
“(3)
Any amount in the nature of interest payable under this section shall—
“(a)
Be due and payable at the same time as the qualifying company election tax to which it relates; and
“(b)
For all purposes be deemed to be of the same nature as qualifying company election tax, and shall be assessable and recoverable accordingly.”
(2)
This section shall apply in relation to elections to become a qualifying company for the 1992–93 income year.
35 Companies required to maintain imputation credit account
(1)
Section 394b(2) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 55(1) of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 5) 1988) is hereby amended by substituting for the punctuation at the end of paragraph (f) (as inserted by section 41 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1990) the expression “;or”
, and by inserting after that paragraph the following paragraph:
“(g)
A Crown Research Institute within the meaning of section 197j(1) of this Act.”.
(2)
This section shall be deemed to have come into force on the 15th day of June 1992.
36 Debits arising to imputation credit account
(1)
Section 394e of the principal Act (as inserted by section 55 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 5) 1988) is hereby amended by inserting in subsection (4)(d) (as substituted by section 51(3) of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992), before the words “before the 16th day”
, the words “on or”
.
(2)
This section shall apply on and after the 1st day of April 1992.
37 Payment and recovery of dividend withholding payment, etc.
(1)
Section 394zn of the principal Act (as inserted by section 55 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 5) 1988) is hereby amended by repealing subsection (3), and substituting the following subsections:
“(2a)
Where, in relation to a company (in this subsection referred to as the first company) that is liable to pay dividend withholding payment in respect of any foreign dividend paid to the company during the quarter, any other company (in this subsection referred to as the loss company) satisfies the Commissioner that—
“(a)
The loss company has incurred, in any income year prior to the income year during which the foreign dividend is paid to the first company, a loss that may, in accordance with section 191a of this Act, be deducted from the assessable income, if any, derived by the first company during the income year the foreign dividend is paid to the first company; or
“(b)
The loss company has reason to believe that it will, in respect of the income year in which the foreign dividend is paid to the first company, incur a loss that may in accordance with section 191a of this Act be deducted from the assessable income, if any, derived by the first company during the income year the foreign dividend is paid to the first company,—
the loss company may by notice in writing to the Commissioner elect, within the period for payment specified in subsection (1) of this section, mat payment of all or part of the dividend withholding payment payable by the first company shall be satisfied by reducing any such loss, so far as the balance of the loss extends, by an amount not exceeding an amount calculated in accordance with the formula specified in subsection (2) of this section.
“(3)
Where a company elects under subsection (2) or subsection (2a) of this section to satisfy a liability to pay all or part of any dividend withholding payment by way of a reduction of loss, and the company does not in fact incur a loss or does not incur a loss sufficient to justify the full amount of the reduction of loss pursuant to the relevant subsection, or, in the case of an election under subsection (2a) of this section, the 2 companies are members of the same group of companies for part only of a relevant income year and the loss referred to in that subsection could be deducted from the assessable income of the company deriving the dividend by virtue only of subsection (4) or subsection (5) of section 191a of this Act,—
“(a)
The Commissioner may disallow the election in respect of so much of the amount of the dividend withholding payment as the Commissioner considers appropriate having regard to—
“(i)
The amount of loss actually incurred by the electing company; and
“(ii)
Where appropriate, the amount or proportion, or likely amount or proportion, of the loss of the electing company that could under subsection (4) or subsection (5) of section 191a of this Act be deducted from the assessable income of the company deriving the dividend; and
“(b)
The company with the initial liability to pay the dividend withholding payment shall be liable to pay the amount of dividend withholding payment the subject of that disallowance, and any penalty under subsection (4) of this section, as if the company had failed to pay that amount within the time for payment provided for in subsection (1) of this section in respect of the initial liability to pay the dividend withholding payment.”
(2)
This section shall apply with respect to dividends paid on or after the 1st day of April 1992.
38 Debits arising to dividend withholding payment account
(1)
Section 394zw of the principal Act (as inserted by section 55 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 5) 1988) is hereby amended by inserting in subsection (4)(d) (as substituted by section 57(3) of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992), before the words “before the 16th day”
, the words “on or”
.
(2)
This section shall apply on and after the 1st day of April 1992.
39 Credits and debits arising to branch equivalent tax account of company
(1)
Section 394zzp of the principal Act (as inserted by section 55 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 5) 1988) is hereby amended—
(a)
By omitting from subsection (1)(b) the expression “section 191(5) or section 191(7)”
, and substituting the expression “section 191a(2) of this Act (or section 191(5) or section 191(7) of this Act as in force before their repeal by section 25 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992)”
:
(b)
By inserting in subsection (6)(d) (as substituted by section 60(3) of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 2) 1992), before the words “before the 16th day”
, the words “on or”
.
(2)
This section shall apply on and after the 1st day of April 1992.
40 Interest to be charged where residual income tax exceeds provisional tax
(1)
Section 398a(5) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 19 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 3) 1988) is hereby amended by omitting from item b the word “period”
, and substituting the word “day”
.
(2)
This section shall be deemed to have come into force on the 1st day of July 1992.
41 Interest on tax overpaid
(1)
Section 413a(5) of the principal Act (as inserted by section 20 of the Income Tax Amendment Act (No. 3) 1988) is hereby amended by omitting from item b the word “period”
, and substituting the word
(2)
This section shall be deemed to have come into force on the 1st day of July 1992.
This Act is administered in the Inland Revenue Department.
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Versions
Income Tax Amendment Act (No 5) 1992
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