Waikato Raupatu Claims Settlement Act 1995

e mau ake nei te Aapiti Tuatahi mo teenei Ture, e whakaupoko ana i roto i te Reo Maaori me te Reo Paakehaa i ngaa Tikanga o Te Tiriti o Waitangi:

i te tau 1858 ka whakaarahia a Pootatau Te Wherowhero hei Kiingi hei whakakotahi i ngaa Iwi; hei pupuru i o raatou mana rangatira, i o raatou mana whai rawa me ngaa tikanga o ia Iwi, aa, i mua anoo hoki i ngaa mahi whakatara e whakatuu mai ana i mua i a raatou i te tokomaha haere o ngaa taangata whai i teenei whenua; i te mahara o Waikato ko raatou te Iwi Kaitiaki mo te Kiingitanga, he kaupapa e mau tonu nei i a raatou mai raano:

ko aua rangatira i tuku pono i o raatou whenua ki raro i te mana o Pootatau Te Wherowhero i tuku mana motuhake mo aua whenua, mo ngaa kawenga toiora o ngaa iwi, araa na eenei whakaritenga i hono ai aua nohoanga-aa-iwi ki te Kiingitanga kia kore ai o raatou whenua e riro i te hoko:

noo te Kaawanatanga o Niu Tiireni o taua waa te whakaaro he kawenga whakatete ki te mana o te Kuini te aaronga o te Kiingitanga me te whakararu hoki i ngaa mahi hoko whenua a taua Kaawanatanga, naareira, kaaore i whakaae kia whai tuuranga te Kiingitanga, aa, kia whakamanangia raanei he hononga tata ki te Kiingitanga:

he mea aata whiriwhiri naa te Kaawanatanga o Niu Tiireni taana tukunga i ngaa hooia a Te Karauna i te marama o Hoongongoi 1863 ka poka noa te whakaeke o Waikato ki te Tonga o te Awa o Mangataawhiri, koia nei te tiimatanga o ngaa pakanga ki te Kiingitanga me ngaa iwi. Tae rawa aatu ki te marama o Paengawhaawhaa 1864, i te roa o te whawhai ki te tiaki i o raatou whenua, ka tauii a Waikato me oona hoa i mua i ngaa ope hooia tokomaha aatu a te Karauna, ka whai whakaruruhau ki Te Rohe Pootae:

i raro i te Ture o Niu Tiireni 1863 Mo Te Whakanoho i Te Hunga Maarie, araa, i te Iwi Paakehaa, ka whakamanahia e te Karauna taana Whakaritenga-A-Kaunihera, i whakawhiua ai a Waikato i te raupatutanga o te 1.2 miriona o ngaa eka o o raatou whenua. He mahi ture kore teenei na te Karauna, i riro ai ngaa whenua i tukuna ki raro i te mana o te Kiingitanga. Noo muri ka utua e te Karauna eetehi moni iti nei, aa, ka whakahokia eetehi pitopito o aua whenua engari kaaore i whai taitara. Kotahi koata o aua whenua i whakahokia peeneitia, eengari ko te aahua nei kaaore i whakahokia ki ngaa taangata i whawhai mo te Kiingitanga:

ko te rawakore, ko te pootangotango, ko te whakamamae, koia eenei ngaa peehanga tino toimaha i hoorapa ki runga ki ngaa iwi o Waikato i oo raatou nohoanga i Waikato ki te raki me Waikato ki te tonga o te Awa o Mangataawhiri, te mutunga mai o ngaa parekura whakaeke i whakawhiua ai raatou. I runga aatu i eenei, ko te tini o te tangata i matemate, ko te paahuatanga o a raatou rawa, o a raatou taaonga, o a raatou taputapu, o o raatou kaainga me te murunga o o raatou whenua ka here whiitiki ai eenei parekawakawa o te Raupatu mai i o raatou whakatupuranga tatuu mai ana ki eenei whakatupuranga:

ahakoa anoo, puumau tonu te Kiingitanga hei taahuhu waiora mo ngaa iwi mai i taua waa o te Raupatu; aa, mai i te tau 1865 te tukunga a oona manukura i aa raatou pitihana ki te Karauna kia whakauungia te tika me te pono, kia whakahokia mai o raatou whenua:

i te tau 1926 ka whakatuuria te Komihana a te Karauna (the Sim Commission), hei whiriwhiri, i raro i ngaa tikanga o taua Ture o Niu Tiireni Mo Te Whakanoho i Te Hunga Maarie, araa, te Iwi Paakehaa, 1863 me oona menemana: i aua murunga whenua:

na runga i ngaa whakakitenga me ngaa whakaritenga a te Komihana (Sim Commission), ka whakaaengia, i raro i te Ture Whakatau Mo Ngaa Kereeme Whenua A Ngaa Maaori o Waikato-Maniapoto 1946, kia utua, ia tau, he moni ki roto i te Tahua Ma Ngaa Maaori o Tainui (Tainui Maaori Trust Fund), ma Te Pooari Maaori o Tainui (Tainui Maaori Trust Board), hei whakahaere mo te painga o aua mema o ngaa iwi o te Takiwaa o Waikato noo raatou ngaa whenua i raupatutia:

i te tau 1985 ka tuhia e Te Taraipiunara o Waitangi ki taana Riipoata mo Manukau (Wai 8), i te 17 o ngaa whaarangi, eenei kupu: “E maarama noa atu ana ngaa whakaaturanga, mai i ngaa tuhituhinga a Taa John Gorst o te tau 1864; ki ngaa whakaaturanga o te Riipoata a te Komihana a te Karauna (Sim Commission) o te ono tekau tau i muri mai, tae mai ana ki ngaa rangahau koorero o te rau tau i muri mai o te Raupatu; kotahi tonu a raatou whakakitenga, teeraa kiihai rawa atu ngaa Iwi o Waikato i tuu whakakeke, engari he mea whakaeke poka noa naa ngaa hooia a te Karauna, he mahi i haangai tonu te whakatuukinotanga i te Upoko Tuarua (Article II) o te Tiriti o Waitangi”:

i te 16 o ngaa raa o Poutuu-te-rangi 1987 ka whakatakotoria e Robert Te Kotahi Mahuta, i raro i te Ture o Te Tiriti o Waitangi 1975, he tono ki te Taraipiunara o Waitangi mo ngaa take raupatu. I reehitatia taua tono Wai 30, he tono i raro i toona ingoa; me te taha ki ngaa mema o te iwi o Waikato; o te Pooari Maaori o Tainui; me Ngaa Marae Toopu:

kei te tiihaehae tonu te mamae o aua ra o te patunga a te Raupatu i a Waikato i roto i ngaa uri o eenei ra, he aahuatanga i whakaatu i roto i ngaa oati-a-pukapuka i raupapatia e ngaa kaumaatua me ngaa kuia mo ngaa kai whakapae R T Mahuta and Tainui Maori Trust Board v Attorney-General (1989) 2 NZLR 513:

i tuhia e te Kooti Piira, ina raa, kiihai rawa ngaa whakaaturanga a Te Riipoata a Te Karauna (Sim Commission), i kawe “… i te aaronga tuuturu o te kino o te patunga a Te Raupatu i ngaa Iwi o Waikato, i te paahuatanga o o raatou whai oranga, o o raatou whaainga rawa me aa raatou mahi whanaketanga hei painga mo raatou; araa, ko ngaa moni i utua ia tau e Te Kaawanatanga i muri mai he tino iti rawa aatu “ki te taha o ngaa waariu moni o eenei rangi.” Ko te whakatau a Te Kooti Piira teeraa, “Hei whakarite ki ngaa tikanga o Te Tiriti o Waitangi, e tino maarama ana me aata whiriwhiri he utunga whai kiko, whai hua anoo hoki, kia rite ki ngaa waariu moni o eenei rangi.”

i te tau 1989 ka tiimata ngaa whakariteritenga i waenganui i Te Karauna me Waikato. Ka haangai tonu te whai a Waikato i te kaupapa take tupuna—te take tuatahi, “i riro whenua atu, me hoki whenua mai”; te take tuarua,—“ko te moni hei utu mo te hara”:

i te tau 1993, hei tohu whakarata, ka whakamanatia e Te Karauna Te Papa Hooia o Hopuhopu ki raro i te ingoa o Pootatau Te Wherowhero hei painga mo ngaa Iwi o Waikato:

i te whakamanawa kia tutuki te kereeme a Waikato, mee te whakamaamaa hoki i te toimahatanga o te aaronga whakamau o ngaa tau maha, naa te ngaakau pono o teetehi ki teetehi i kawe ngaa whiriwhiringa me ngaa whakariteritenga i waenganui i Te Karauna me Waikato:

e whakaae ana Te Karauna he tino toimaha te mahi tuukino i utaina ki runga ki ngaa Iwi o Waikato, naa te mea naa Te Karauna i takatakahi ngaa Tikanga o Te Tiriti o Waitangi, kaatahi ka whakawhiua a Waikato ki aana hooia, ka nohongia ngaa whenua, te mutunga iho he raupatu i aua whenua i raro i taa raatou tohu whakaingoa, kaaore rawa nei i tika, “he Iwi whakakeke a Waikato”:

no muri—

naareira, no te 21 o ngaa raa o te marama o Hakihea 1994, ka whakauuria teenei rongomau e Te Karauna me Robert Te Kotahi Mahuta mo te taha ki ngaa Iwi o Waikato, ki te Pukapuka Whakaupoko Whakaae hei whakamana i te whakatutukitanga o aua take; anaa, no te 22 o ngaa raa o Haratua 1995, ka hainangia e Te Karauna, e Waikato hoki, Te Pukapuka Whakaae (he kape kei te Pukapuka E3 o te Taapiritanga Mo Ngaa Riipoata a Te Whare Paaremata 1995):

kei te Waahanga Tuatahi o teenei Ture e whakaatu ana, i roto i te Reo Maaori me te Reo Paakehaa o taua Pukapuka Whakaae, ngaa Kupu Whakapaa i taapaea e Te Karauna ki ngaa Iwi o Waikato:

ko ngaa whenua i whakawhitingia ki a Waikato i raro i ngaa whakaritenga a Te Pukapuka Whakaae ka whakatoopuria ki raro i teetehi Taahuhu Kaitiaki ma Waikato hei whakatuu; aa ko teetehi waahanga o aua whenua ka reehitatia ki raro i te ingoa o Pootatau Te Wherowhero, i raro anoo i ngaa whakaritenga a teenei Ture, hei ingoa whakaari i te tukunga mana motuhake a ngaa tuupuna rangatira ki raro i a Pootatau Te Wherowhero; i te whakauunga anoo hoki o aua tuku i whakakaupapangia i roto i Te Kawenata e raatou i noho puumau ki raro i Te Kiingitanga:

ma taua Pukapuka Whakataahuhu i ngaa Kaitiaki ma Waikato nei hei whakarite, hei whakatau kia kaua rawa aua whenua ka reehitatia ki raro i te ingoa o Pootatau Te Wherowhero e riro i te hoko, e mooketetia ki teetehi atu, e taea raanei te tuku, te whakawhiti raanei ki teetehi tangata, ki teetehi roopu; araa, kaaore rawa e taea te whakawehe atu i raro i te ingoa o Pootatau Te Wherowhero ma te whakaae puumau anake o ngaa “Kaitiaki o Te Ingoa o Pootatau Te Wherowhero” kua whakaingoatia i roto i taua Pukapuka mo Ngaa Kaitiaki:

naa te iti noaiho o ngaa whenua kua mahue mai ki Te Karauna o aua whenua i raupatutia, kaaore i taea te tohatoha kia tauriterite te tuku o aua whenua ki ngaa hapuu toru tekau ma toru o te Raupatu, nooreira ko te taahuhu utunga kua whakakaupapatia e te Pukapuka Whakaae kua whakataungia hei painga mo te katoa o ngaa Iwi o Waikato i raro i te mana o Te Kiingitanga:

na Te Pukapuka Whakaae—

the Treaty of Waitangi is set out, in Maori and in English, in Schedule 1:

in 1858 Pootatau Te Wherowhero was raised up as King to unite the iwi, and preserve their rangatiratanga and their economic and cultural integrity, under his authority in the face of increasing settler challenges, Waikato regarding themselves as principal kaitiaki of the Kiingitanga and as remaining so ever since:

those chiefs who formally pledged their land to Pootatau Te Wherowhero gave up ultimate authority over the land to him, along with ultimate responsibility for the well-being of the people, and through this bound their communities to the Kiingitanga, resisting further alienation of their land:

the New Zealand Government at the time perceived the Kiingitanga as a challenge to the Queen’s sovereignty and as a hindrance to Government land purchase policies, and did not agree to any role for, or formal relationship with, the Kiingitanga:

in July 1863, after considered preparations by the New Zealand Government, military forces of the Crown unjustly invaded the Waikato south of the Mangatawhiri river, initiating hostilities against the Kiingtanga and the people. By April 1864, after persistent defence of their lands, Waikato and their allies had fallen back before the larger forces of the Crown and had taken refuge in the King Country:

by Orders in Council under the New Zealand Settlements Act 1863, the Crown unjustly confiscated approximately 1.2 million acres of land from the Tainui iwi in order to punish them and gain control of the land placed by them under the protection of the Kiingitanga (although the Crown subsequently paid small amounts of monetary compensation and returned, by Crown grants, but not under customary title and generally not to those who had fought for the Kiingitanga, approximately one-quarter of the land confiscated):

widespread suffering, distress, and deprivation were caused to the Waikato iwi (both north and south of the Mangatawhiri river) as a result of the war waged against them, the loss of life, the destruction of their taonga and property, and the confiscations of their lands, and the effects of the Raupatu have lasted for generations:

the Kiingitanga has continued to sustain the people since the Raupatu, and its leaders have petitioned the Crown for justice and for the return of land since 1865:

a Royal Commission (the Sim Commission) was appointed in 1926 to consider the confiscations under the New Zealand Settlements Act 1863 and its amendments:

in response to the Sim Commission’s findings and recommendations, compensation was granted pursuant to the Waikato-Maniapoto Maori Claims Settlement Act 1946 by the payment of an annual sum of money into the Tainui Maori Trust Fund, to be administered by the Tainui Maori Trust Board for the benefit of those members of the Maori tribes in the Waikato District whose lands had been confiscated:

in 1985 the Waitangi Tribunal wrote in the Manukau Report (Wai 8) at page 17: “It can simply be said that from the contemporary record of Sir John Gorst in 1864, from the Report of the Royal Commission sixty years after that, and from historical research almost a century removed from the event, all sources agree that the Tainui people of the Waikato never rebelled but were attacked by British troops in direct violation of Article II of the Treaty of Waitangi”:

on 16 March 1987 Robert Te Kotahi Mahuta, on behalf of himself and on behalf of the members of Waikato-Tainui, the Tainui Maori Trust Board, and Ngaa Marae Toopu, submitted a claim to the Waitangi Tribunal under the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 in relation to the Raupatu, that claim being registered with the Waitangi Tribunal as Wai 30:

the injustice of the Raupatu is as keenly felt by Waikato today as in the past, as has been testified by Waikato kaumaatua and kuia in the affidavits filed by the plaintiffs in R T Mahuta and Tainui Maori Trust Board v Attorney-General [1989] 2 NZLR 513:

the Court of Appeal noted in that case that the Sim Commission’s report had failed to convey “…an expressed sense of the crippling impact of Raupatu on the welfare, economy and potential development of Tainui”, and that the subsequent annual monetary payments made by the Government were trivial “in present day money values”, and concluded that “Some form of more real and constructive compensation is obviously called for if the Treaty is to be honoured”:

in 1989 the Crown and Waikato entered into direct negotiations in which Waikato pursued compensation on the basis of their long established principles of “land for land”—“i riro whenua atu, me hoki whenua mai” (“as land was taken, land must be returned”) and “ko te moni hei utu mo te hara” (“the money is the acknowledgment by the Crown of their crime”):

in 1993 as a goodwill gesture the Crown vested the Hopuhopu Military Base in Pootatau Te Wherowhero for the benefit of Waikato:

the Crown and Waikato have negotiated with each other in good faith in an endeavour to settle the Waikato claim and to remove the sense of grievance felt over time by Waikato:

the Crown now acknowledges that grave injustice was done to Waikato when the Crown, in breach of the Treaty of Waitangi, sent its forces into the Waikato, occupied and subsequently confiscated Waikato land, and unfairly labelled Waikato as rebels:

after—

the Crown and Robert Te Kotahi Mahuta on behalf of Waikato-Tainui, accordingly recorded, on 21 December 1994, in a heads of agreement their agreement in principle to the matters required to effect a settlement of those claims, and, on 22 May 1995, the Crown and Waikato-Tainui signed a deed of settlement (a copy of which is now contained in Paper E3 of the Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives 1995):

the text, in Maori and in English, of the apology given by the Crown to Waikato in the deed of settlement is recorded in Part 1:

land transferred to Waikato under the deed of settlement will be held communally in a trust to be established by Waikato and part of that land will be registered in the name of Pootatau Te Wherowhero as provided for in this Act, that name giving expression to the significance of the pledges made by the chiefs to Pootatau Te Wherowhero and of the reaffirmations of those pledges, as expressed in the kawenata, by those who have continued in support of the Kiingitanga:

the trust deed for the trust to be established by Waikato will provide that no land of the trust that is registered in the name of Pootatau Te Wherowhero shall be sold or mortgaged to, or be capable of being vested in or transferred to, any person or body, and that no land may be transferred out of the name of Pootatau Te Wherowhero without the consent of the “custodians of Te Wherowhero title” referred to in that trust deed:

as the Crown now holds only a small proportion of the land originally confiscated and the land now held cannot be evenly distributed among the 33 hapu affected by the Raupatu, the restitution provided for in the deed of settlement is to be for the benefit of all Waikato collectively, under the mana of the Kiingitanga:

by the deed of settlement—