Te Pire Haeata ki Parihaka
Parihaka Reconciliation Bill

  • enacted
3A Te kōrero whakamāhuki/Background
Ngā Ture o Mua i whakamahia hei patu i a Parihaka

(1)

Ka horaina hoki ki tēnei wehenga aua Ture Pāremata nā reira i ngana ai te Karauna ki te urupatu i tā Parihaka ātetetanga mō te ngaronga o ō rātou whenua tipu. Nā aua Ture i whakakaha ake ai te Karauna ki te whakatārewa i te rere tika o te ture, ā, i mauheretia roatia te hunga mautohe nō Parihaka me te whakawā kore. Ko te hua o tēnei, neke atu i te 400 ngā tāngata mautohe i mauheretia hei mauhere tōrangapū, ā, ka whiua rātou, ko te hapori whānui o Parihaka hoki me ō rātou uri ki ngā whiunga take-koretanga tae noa ki nāianei. Ko ngā Ture e whai ake nei he mea takahi i ngā mātāpono o te tika me te pono, i whakaeo hoki i ngā mōtika tangata waiwai o ngā tāngata o Parihaka, ā, i āhei ai te Karauna ki te whakatutuki i tana pāhua tūroa ki te hapori o Parihaka, ki a Ngāi Māori hoki nō Taranaki:

(a)

Maori Prisoners’ Trial Act 1879 (Te Ture Whakawā i ngā Herehere Māori) (i whakakorengia i te tau 1891), i whakamanatia ai te Kāwana kia whakarite, kia panoni rānei i te rā, i te wāhi rānei ka whakawāngia te hunga i herea mō ngā hara takahi i te waikanaetanga whānui mehemea “ahakoa te take, he huanga ka puta”:

(b)

Confiscated Lands Inquiry and Maori Prisoners’ Trials Act 1879 (Te Ture Whakawā i ngā Whenua Raupatu, me ngā Herehere Māori) (i whakakorengia i te tau 1891), i whakakaha ake ai i te mana o te Kāwana kia panoni i te rā, i te wāhi rānei ka whakawāngia ngā mauhere Māori i whakatauria i roto i te Maori Prisoners’ Trials Act 1879:

(c)

Maori Prisoners Act 1880 (Te Ture mō ngā Herehere Māori) (i whakakorengia i te tau 1891), i whakapuaki ai ko te hunga ka herea, e tatari ana hoki kia whakawāngia, ka mauheretia tonutia rānei, ānō nei i whakarautia e ai ki te ture, i roto hoki i te mauheretanga ā-ture, kia noho tonu hoki ki taua mauheretanga ā-ture tonu me te whakawā kore:

(d)

Maori Prisoners’ Detention Act 1880 (Te Ture Pupuri i ngā Herehere Māori) (i whakakorengia i te tau 1891), i whakahāngai ai i te Maori Prisoners Act 1880 ki ngā tāngata Māori i mauheretia tonutia nō muri i te whakaturetanga o taua Ture:

(e)

West Coast Settlement (North Island) Act 1880 (Te Ture Whakatau mō te Tai Hauauru) (Aotearoa) (i whakakorengia i te tau 1902), e tika ana, e pai ana rānei kia mau tonu te waikanaetanga whānui, mā te—

(i)

whakapuaki he hara ngā mahi pērā i te tango tīrau rūri, i te parau whenua, i te whakatū taiapa rānei, e 2 tau te roa o te mauheretanga hei whiunga (me te whakarīrā, te whakarīrā kore rānei);

(ii)

āhei hoki kia mauhere, me te wārati kore, i ngā tāngata ka mahi hara pērā, i reira i te wā ka mahia ngā hara pērā, i whakapaetia noatia rānei tērā pea e mahi ai i ngā hara pērā:

(f)

West Coast Peace Preservation Act 1882 (Te Ture Whakapūmau i te Rangimarire o te Tai Hauauru) (i whakakorengia i te tau 1891), i whakatau ai kāore a Tohu Kākahi rāua ko Te Whiti o Rongomai e whakawāngia mō te hara i hāmenetia ai rāua, kia āhei tā te Kāwana mauhere tonu i a rāua ki tētahi wāhi e pai ana ki a ia, kia tuku i a rāua, ā, kia mauhere anō i a rāua:

(g)

Indemnity Act 1882 (i whakakorengia i te tau 1902) i whakamarumaru ai i ia tangata i mahi i ētahi mahi motuhake i raro i te mana o te Kāwanatanga o Niu Tireni, pērā ki ērā “he inati rawa te mahi i tā te ture i tohu ai”, tae atu ki te ātetetanga, ki te hopu rānei, ki te mauhere tonu rānei, ki te hamaruru rānei, ki te mauhere rānei ki rō whare herehere i te hunga mautohe Māori, ā, ka whakamanatia te Kāwana ki te whakapuaki i ngā mahi, ahakoa he aha, ka taka ki raro i ngā whakataunga o taua Ture.

Ko ētahi atu take ka whai wāhi i roto i Te Kawenata ō Rongo

(2)

Ka whai wāhi hoki i roto i Te Kawenata ō Rongo ko ētahi whakaaetanga nā Parihaka me te Karauna, mā te Karauna—

(a)

e whakatū tētahi rūnanga kōrero mō Parihaka me te Karauna (arā, ko te Rūnanga);

(b)

e hou atu hoki ki roto i Te Huanga o Rongo, arā, he whakaaetanga piringa me Parihaka;

(c)

whakarite hoki tētahi Tahua mō Parihaka.

Past Acts used against Parihaka

(1)

This section records those Acts of Parliament under which the Crown attempted to destroy Parihaka’s resistance to the loss of their traditional lands. The Crown, empowered by those Acts, suspended the ordinary course of law and detained Parihaka protestors for long periods without trial. As a result, more than 400 protestors were held as political prisoners, and unwarranted hardships were inflicted on them, the broader Parihaka community, and their descendants to the present day. The following Acts breached natural justice, deprived the people of Parihaka of basic human rights, and enabled the Crown to complete its dispossession of the Parihaka community and other Taranaki Māori:

(a)

the Maori Prisoners’ Trials Act 1879 (repealed 1891), which empowered the Governor to set or change the date or place of the trials of those committed for offences against the public order if “for any reason it is expedient”:

(b)

the Confiscated Lands Inquiry and Maori Prisoners’ Trials Act 1879 (repealed 1891), which extended the Governor’s power to change the date or place of the trials of the Māori prisoners provided for in the Maori Prisoners’ Trials Act 1879:

(c)

the Maori Prisoners Act 1880 (repealed 1891), which declared that those committed and awaiting trial or detained in custody were deemed to have been lawfully arrested and in lawful custody and could continue to be lawfully detained without trial:

(d)

the Maori Prisoners’ Detention Act 1880 (repealed 1891), which applied the Maori Prisoners Act 1880 to Māori detained after that Act was passed:

(e)

the West Coast Settlement (North Island) Act 1880 (repealed 1902), which, as necessary or fit to preserve the public peace,—

(i)

declared activities such as the removal of survey pegs, ploughing, or erecting fences to be offences punishable by up to 2 years’ imprisonment (with or without hard labour); and

(ii)

enabled the arrest without warrant of persons who committed such offences, were present when such offences were committed, or were reasonably suspected of being about to commit such offences:

(f)

the West Coast Peace Preservation Act 1882 (repealed 1891), which provided that neither Tohu Kākahi nor Te Whiti o Rongomai would be tried for the offence they had been charged with, enabled the Governor to keep them in custody at any place he saw fit, to release them, and re-arrest them:

(g)

the Indemnity Act 1882 (repealed 1902) indemnified every person who had carried out certain measures under the authority of the Government of New Zealand, some of which “may have been in excess of legal powers”, including resisting, apprehending, detaining, confining, or imprisoning Māori protestors, and empowered the Governor to declare any action to come within the provisions of that Act.

Other matters included in Te Kawenata ō Rongo

(2)

Also included in Te Kawenata ō Rongo are agreements by Parihaka and the Crown that the Crown will—

(a)

establish a Parihaka–Crown Leaders’ Forum (the Forum); and

(b)

enter into Te Huanga o Rongo, a relationship agreement, with Parihaka; and

(c)

set up a Parihaka Fund.