This rule may be cited as the Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004.

This rule is the Land Transport Rule 61001.

This rule comes into force on 27 February 2005.

A statement of the objective of this rule is set out in Schedule 1.

A statement of the extent of the consultation that has been carried out in relation to this rule under section 161(2) of the Act is set out in Schedule 2.

Unless the context otherwise requires,—

In this rule, unless the context otherwise requires,—

A road user must comply with the applicable provisions of this rule.

A road user must comply with every reasonable direction given by an enforcement officer for the safe and efficient regulation of traffic, even if the road user may contravene a provision of this rule by complying with the direction.

A person is not in breach of this rule if that person proves that—

Subclause (1) does not apply if a court is considering, in proceedings for an offence specified in the Act, whether or not a person had complied with this rule.

A person is not in breach of this rule if that person proves that the act or omission complained of—

A person is not in breach of clauses 2.1 to 2.9, 2.13, or 5.3, or Part 6, in relation to a vehicle, if that person proves that—

A driver, when driving, must at all times drive as near as practicable to the left side of the roadway unless this rule otherwise provides.

If a driver’s speed, when driving, is such as to impede the normal and reasonable flow of traffic, that driver must, as soon as is reasonably practicable, move the vehicle as far as practicable to the left side of the roadway when this is necessary to allow following traffic to pass.

A driver may drive in the right lane in the direction of travel when driving on a multi-lane road if—

This clause applies if a road controlling authority has indicated by the installation of the appropriate signs that an extra lane has been provided as a slow vehicle bay.

A driver who is driving at a slow speed that would impede the normal and reasonable movement of any other vehicle must—

A driver, when driving, must not use—

A driver, when driving on a road marked in lanes,—

However, a driver may drive wholly or partly in a lane that is unavailable to the driver under subclause (1) or clause 4.6(2) to (4) if—

A driver may also drive wholly or partly in a lane that is unavailable to the driver under subclause (1) or clause 4.6(2) to (4) if the driver—

A driver who is turning across a light rail vehicle lane or safety zone must not impede the progress of any light rail vehicle travelling along the same roadway in the same or opposite direction.

If road markings or traffic signs designate specific lanes for specific manoeuvres at the approaches to an intersection, a driver must not use any lane except for the manoeuvre appropriate to its marking or signage.

A driver intending to turn to enter another roadway or a vehicle entrance to the left must—

A driver intending to turn to enter another roadway or a vehicle entrance to the right must—

A driver is not in breach of subclause (2) if the driver proves that, in the interests of safety, the driver moved as far as practicable to the left of the roadway on which the driver was travelling and slowed or stopped the vehicle in advance of the point where he or she intended to turn right until the roadway was clear of traffic and it was safe to turn.

A cyclist may turn right at an intersection by making a right turn in accordance with clause 2.5(2) or (3).

Alternatively, a cyclist may turn right at an intersection by making a hook turn. To make a hook turn, the cyclist must do the following:

A driver must not pass or attempt to pass another vehicle moving in the same direction unless—

Subclause (1)(c) and (d) does not apply if the passing vehicle and the vehicle being passed are in different lanes and are, throughout the passing movement, either on a one-way road or on the same side of the centre line.

A driver must not, when passing another vehicle moving in the same direction, move into the line of passage of that vehicle until the manoeuvre can be made safely and without impeding the movement of that other vehicle.

A driver must not pass or attempt to pass on the right of another vehicle moving in the same direction when—

A driver must not pass or attempt to pass on the left of another vehicle moving in the same direction except in accordance with this clause.

In any case in which the movement referred to subclause (1) may be made,—

If the roadway is marked in lanes, the driver may make the movement referred in subclause (1) only if the driver’s vehicle does not encroach on a lane that is unavailable to a driver.

This clause applies if a driver is at or approaching a portion of a roadway where the road controlling authority has, in accordance with any enactment, marked a no-passing line applying to traffic moving in the direction in which the driver is moving.

The driver must not pass or attempt to pass a motor vehicle or an animal-drawn vehicle moving in the same direction within the length of roadway on which the no-passing line is marked until the driver reaches the further end of the no-passing line, unless throughout the passing movement the driver keeps the vehicle wholly to the left of the no-passing line.

A driver must not pass or attempt to pass a vehicle that has stopped or slowed down at a school crossing point or pedestrian crossing in order to comply with clause 3.9 or subclause 10.1(1).

A driver must not pass or attempt to pass another vehicle that has stopped at a level crossing to—

A driver must not pass or attempt to pass another vehicle moving in the same direction at or within 60 m of a level crossing unless, if the roadway is marked in lanes, the driver’s vehicle does not encroach on a lane available for opposing traffic.

A driver must not enter a motorway except at an opportunity and at a speed that will place the driver correctly in the stream of traffic without danger to any other user of the motorway.

A driver must not stop or park on a motorway except in an area set aside and indicated by a traffic sign as a parking area.

A driver must not drive in an emergency stopping lane unless—

A driver must not reverse or make a U-turn on a motorway.

A driver must not drive a motor vehicle along a footpath.

Subclause (1) does not apply to a person who rides a moped or motorcycle on a footpath in the course of delivering newspapers, mail, or printed material to letter boxes if the road controlling authority has authorised the use of the footpath for that purpose.

A driver must not drive a motor vehicle on a lawn, garden, or other cultivation adjacent to, or forming part of, a road.

Subject to subclauses (2) and (3), if traffic at any place is controlled by a traffic control device, a person (including a pedestrian) using the road at that place must comply with the instructions given by that traffic control device that apply to them.

If traffic signs have been installed at a place controlled by traffic signals, then, in so far as the instructions given by the traffic signals are inconsistent with those given by the traffic signs, a person (including a pedestrian) using the road at that place must comply with the instructions given by the traffic signs that apply to them and not those given by the traffic signals.

If at any time the traffic at any place at which a traffic control device is installed is controlled by an enforcement officer, the officer’s directions override any instruction that may be given by the traffic control device.

A driver must not make a turn, or enter into a road or part of a road, if a traffic sign prohibits that turning manoeuvre or entry into that road or part of a road.

While a green signal in the form of a disc is displayed,—

While a green signal in the form of a disc is the only signal displayed, pedestrians, riders of mobility devices, and riders of wheeled recreational devices facing the signal may enter the roadway unless a special signal for pedestrians indicates a flashing or steady red standing human figure symbol.

If 2 drivers travelling in opposite directions each has a green signal to proceed and this clause does not specify who must give way, the driver required by clause 4.2 to give way must give way accordingly.

While a steady yellow signal in the form of a disc is displayed,—

While a steady red signal in the form of a disc is displayed or 2 alternately flashing red signals in the form of a disc are displayed,—

While a green signal in the form of an arrow is displayed,—

While a yellow signal in the form of an arrow is displayed,—

While a red signal in the form of an arrow is displayed,—

However, when a signal in the form of an arrow is displayed simultaneously with any other signal, in a single or a multi-column traffic signal display,—

While a flashing yellow signal is displayed the provisions of clause 4.2 apply.

While a special signal for pedestrians indicates a flashing or steady red standing human figure symbol, pedestrians, riders of mobility devices, and riders of wheeled recreational devices who are using the footpath and facing the signal must not enter the roadway.

While a special signal for pedestrians indicates a green walking human figure symbol, pedestrians, riders of mobility devices, and riders of wheeled recreational devices may,—

While a white T or a white B signal is displayed, a driver of a light rail vehicle (in the case of a white T) or a bus (in the case of a white B) that is travelling in a special vehicle lane and is facing the traffic signal may—

While a yellow T or a yellow B signal alone is displayed, a driver of a light rail vehicle (in the case of a yellow T) or a bus (in the case of a yellow B) that is travelling in a special vehicle lane and is facing the traffic signal must not enter the controlled area.

However, if the driver of the light rail vehicle (in the case of a yellow T) or bus (in the case of a yellow B) is so close to the limit line or intersection when the yellow T or yellow B signal first appears that the driver cannot safely stop the vehicle before passing the limit line or entering the intersection, the driver may proceed with the movement otherwise prohibited by subclause (2).

While a red T or a red B signal alone is displayed, a driver of a light rail vehicle (in the case of red T) or a bus (in the case of red B) that is travelling in a special vehicle lane and is facing the traffic signal must not—

If any of the following persons are lawfully using a bus lane, this clause applies to the person in the same way that it applies to the driver of a bus:

While a green cycle symbol is illuminated, cyclists may proceed straight ahead, or turn left or right.

While a yellow cycle symbol is illuminated, cyclists must stop unless they are so close to the controlled area that they cannot safely stop before entering the controlled area.

While a red cycle symbol is illuminated, cyclists must not enter the controlled area, but a cyclist may enter ahead of a marked vehicle limit line and stop behind a marked cycle limit line.

This clause applies if a person is directing traffic with a manually controlled stop sign in accordance with any enactment.

A driver approaching a manually controlled stop sign—

A driver approaching a pedestrian crossing or a school crossing point at which a school patrol sign is extended must—

This clause applies if a driver intends to—

If a driver intends to stop or reduce speed, and is able to signal only by means of a manually-operated approved signalling device or an arm signal, the driver must signal for at least 3 seconds either—

A driver who intends to turn or move to the right or to draw out from a kerb on the left side of the vehicle must signal for at least 3 seconds either—

A driver who intends to turn or move to the left or to draw out from a kerb on the right side of the vehicle must signal for at least 3 seconds either—

A driver entering a roundabout—

A driver who intends to leave a roundabout must, if practicable, make any left-turn signal immediately before the intended exit and after any intervening exit from a roundabout.

It is not a breach of subclause (5) or (6) for the rider of a cycle not to signal if it is impracticable for him or her to make an arm signal.

It is not a breach of this clause if—

A driver must make way, by stopping if necessary, as soon as practicable with safety—

The requirements to stop are set out in section 114 of the Act.

A driver must make way, by stopping if necessary, as soon as practicable with safety—

A driver approaching or entering a place where the vehicles moving in the direction in which the driver is travelling are controlled by a stop sign must—

A driver approaching or entering a place where the vehicles moving in the direction in which the driver is travelling are controlled by a give-way sign must give way to any vehicles that are approaching or crossing the place and that are not controlled by either a stop sign or a give-way sign.

A driver approaching a section of road suitable for travel in only 1 direction and controlled by a one-way give-way sign at or near the section must give way to vehicles on or approaching the section.

This clause applies if both the vehicles moving in the direction in which a driver is travelling and the vehicles approaching from another direction—

A driver changing lanes or about to change lanes, or turning or about to turn, must give way to any vehicle not changing lanes, or not making a turn.

A driver turning or about to turn to his or her right must give way to any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction and lawfully turning or about to turn to its left.

A driver approaching or crossing an intersection must give way to any vehicle approaching or crossing the intersection from his or her right unless subclause (2) or (4) applies.

A driver on a terminating road who is approaching or crossing a T-intersection must give way to a vehicle on the continuing road, including a vehicle turning or about to turn right into the terminating road.

In subclause (4),—

Clauses 4.1 and 4.2 do not apply to an intersection while it is controlled by an enforcement officer.

A driver entering or exiting a driveway must give way to a road user on a footpath, cycle path, or shared path (as described by clause 11.1A(1)).

A driver exiting a driveway must give way to a vehicle on a roadway, including a vehicle turning or about to turn right into the driveway.

A driver must not increase speed when approaching an intersection if any other vehicle is approaching or crossing.

Despite anything in Part 3, a driver approaching an intersection or an area controlled by traffic signals must not enter the intersection or controlled area if the driver’s intended passage or exit is blocked by stationary traffic.

Despite clause 2.3(4) and anything in Part 3, a driver (other than a cyclist) approaching an intersection or an area controlled by traffic signals must not enter a cycle lane if the driver’s intended passage or exit from that cycle lane is blocked by stationary traffic.

A driver entering a roundabout must give way to traffic on the roundabout and to traffic approaching from the driver’s right.

A driver approaching a multi-lane roundabout who intends to leave the roundabout less than half-way around the roundabout must enter the roundabout from the left-hand lane or from a lane signed with or marked by lane-use arrows for traffic intending to leave less than half-way around.

A driver approaching a multi-lane roundabout who intends to leave the roundabout half-way around the roundabout must enter the roundabout—

A driver approaching a multi-lane roundabout who intends to leave the roundabout more than half-way around the round-about must enter the roundabout from the right-hand lane or from a lane marked by lane-use arrows for traffic intending to leave more than half-way around.

Subclauses (2) to (4) are subject to clause 2.3(3) and (4) (which relate to the use of lanes that are usually unavailable).

The required drivers’ signals for entering and leaving a round-about are set out in clause 3.10(5) and (6).

A driver must not impede the progress of any light rail vehicle.

A driver must not drive a vehicle at a speed exceeding the applicable speed limit.

The fact that a vehicle is driven at a speed that does not exceed the applicable speed limit does not excuse an alleged breach of a provision of any other Part of this rule.

A driver who drives at a speed exceeding the applicable speed limit is not in breach of subclause (1) if the driver proves that, at the time the vehicle was being driven,—

In this clause, applicable speed limit means—

If more than 1 speed limit set by this rule applies to a vehicle under this Part, the lowest of those speed limits is the maximum speed limit for that vehicle.

If a speed limit set other than by this rule for any vehicle either generally or in respect of any place is lower than the appropriate speed limit set by this rule, that lower speed limit applies to that vehicle either generally or in respect of that place.

If a maximum speed limit set under the Act by a road controlling authority applies to any motor vehicle in any locality or on any road or part of a road, and that speed limit is greater than the appropriate maximum speed limit set by this Part, the appropriate maximum speed limit set by this Part applies in that case.

A driver must not, in any minimum-speed lane, drive at a speed that is less than the minimum speed that applies to that lane unless,—

A driver must not drive on a road at a speed exceeding 90 km per hour a vehicle that is towing, using a rigid towing connection, a vehicle normally propelled by mechanical power that is not a motorcycle or all terrain vehicle.

A driver must not drive on a road at a speed exceeding 50 km per hour a vehicle that is towing, using a non-rigid towing connection, a vehicle normally propelled by mechanical power that is not a motorcycle or all terrain vehicle.

A driver must not drive on a road at a speed exceeding 30 km per hour a vehicle that is towing a mechanically disabled motorcycle or all terrain vehicle, as permitted by clause 7.18(6).

A driver must not drive on a road at a speed exceeding 90 km per hour a vehicle that is towing a trailer or trailers. This subclause is overridden by subclause (5).

A driver must not drive on a road at a speed exceeding 40 km per hour a cycle, moped, motorcycle, or all terrain vehicle that is towing a trailer that, together with its load, exceeds 50% of the unladen weight of the cycle, moped, motorcycle, or all terrain vehicle.

A driver must not operate at a speed in excess of 90 km per hour a heavy motor vehicle.

A driver must not operate a heavy motor vehicle constructed without springs or other effective cushioning apparatus between its road wheels and its chassis at a speed in excess of 45 km per hour.

However, subclause (2) does not apply when the unsprung axles are connected to the vehicle chassis by a longitudinal walking beam or beams.

A driver must comply with subclause (1A) when meeting or overtaking a stopped school bus—

The driver must—

A driver must not drive on a road at a speed exceeding 80 km per hour any school bus that has a gross vehicle mass exceeding 2 000 kg.

A driver must not drive a light rail vehicle in any shared zone at a speed exceeding 10 km per hour.

A driver must not drive a light rail vehicle at a speed exceeding the maximum speed limit specified in the safety system of the operator of the vehicle that has been approved under section 6D of the Transport Services Licensing Act 1989.

A driver must not exceed 20 km per hour after passing a warning sign advising of an accident, breakdown, crash, emergency, or fire and before arriving at a point clear of the accident, breakdown, crash, emergency, or fire for which the sign was installed.

A driver must not drive a vehicle in a lane marked on a road at such a speed that the driver is unable to stop in the length of the lane that is visible to the driver.

A driver must not drive a vehicle on a road that is not marked in lanes at such a speed that the driver is unable to stop in half the length of roadway that is visible to the driver.

A driver must not drive on a road a vehicle following behind another vehicle so that the driver cannot stop the driver’s vehicle short of the vehicle ahead if the vehicle ahead stops suddenly.

No driver may drive a motor vehicle on any road following behind another vehicle at a distance behind that vehicle of less than—

Nothing in this Part affects section 7(2) of the Act (which prohibits dangerous driving).

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle on a road, whether attended or unattended, without due care or without reasonable consideration for other road users.

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle on a roadway if he or she can stop, stand, or park it on the road margin without damaging ornamental grass plots, shrubs, or flower beds laid out or planted on the margin.

Subclause (1) does not apply if the road controlling authority provides signs or markings, or makes a bylaw, indicating that a rule different from the one in subclause (1) applies.

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle on any part of a roadway so close to any corner, bend, rise, dip, traffic island, or intersection as to obstruct or be likely to obstruct other traffic or any view of the roadway to the driver of a vehicle approaching that corner, bend, rise, dip, traffic island, or intersection unless the stopping, standing, or parking is authorised by signs or markings maintained by the road controlling authority.

A driver must not stop, stand, or park a vehicle on any part of a road, whether attended or unattended, within an intersection or within 6 m of an intersection unless the stopping, standing, or parking is authorised by signs or markings maintained by the road controlling authority.

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle on any part of a road contrary to the terms of a notice, traffic sign, or marking that—

Without limiting subclause (1), a driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle in any parking area reserved for disabled persons unless—

Without limiting subclause (1), a driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle in any parking area reserved for the charging of electric vehicles unless the vehicle is an electric vehicle.

A sign that imposes a parking restriction and incorporates the symbol “P” or “P$” on the top of the sign, or relates to a loading zone, applies between the hours of 8 am and 6 pm on days other than public holidays, unless otherwise specified on the sign or on a supplementary sign. All other signs apply at all hours of the day and night, unless a time period is specified on the sign.

The words “other times”, or any words of similar effect, on a parking sign mean that any restriction on the sign applies while the sign applies under subclause (2), but does not apply during the times specified by an immediately adjacent sign that notifies a different restriction.

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle on any part of a roadway where the road controlling authority has marked a broken yellow line parallel to, and at a distance of not more than 1 m from, the edge of the roadway.

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle on a pedestrian crossing.

A driver must not stop, stand, or park a vehicle—

Subclause (2) does not apply to—

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle in any special vehicle lane unless—

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle on a traffic island or flush median.

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle within 6 m of a bus stop sign. This subclause is overridden by subclauses (2) and (3).

If the vehicle is a bus, the driver or person in charge of it may stop or stand the vehicle within 6 m of a bus stop sign.

If the area in which stopping, standing, or parking is prohibited is marked out as being longer or shorter than 6 m, the provisions of clause 6.15 apply.

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle so as to obstruct entry to or exit from any driveway.

For the purposes of this clause, a vehicle parked alongside any part of a kerb crossing provided for a driveway or within 1 m of the prolongation of the side of a driveway must be regarded as obstructing entry or exit.

Nothing in subclause (1) or subclause (2) applies to a bus that has stopped at an authorised bus stop, or a light rail vehicle that has stopped at a light rail vehicle stop, for the purpose of picking up or dropping off passengers.

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle—

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle between the nearer edge of the roadway and any portion of a marking on the roadway indicating the presence of a fire hydrant, the centre of which marking is not more than 6 m from a fire hydrant situated outside the roadway.

However, a driver is not in breach of subclause (1) or subclause (2) if the driver proves that he or she remained in the vehicle or left in charge of the vehicle a person licensed and capable of moving it if necessary.

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle so that any other stopped motor vehicle is located between his or her vehicle and the nearest edge of the roadway.

Unless clause 6.13 applies, a driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle otherwise than parallel with the direction of the roadway and with the left side of the vehicle as close as practicable to the left side of the road.

However, in a one-way road, the vehicle must face in the same direction as the vehicles proceeding along the road and as close as practicable to either side of the road.

If the road controlling authority has indicated that vehicles may be parked only at an angle to the direction of the road-way, a driver must not stand or park a vehicle (other than a cycle) otherwise than in accordance with the direction indicated.

An all terrain vehicle, a motorcycle, a moped, or a cycle may be parked otherwise than parallel with the roadway if during the hours of darkness it is sufficiently illuminated so as to be visible from at least 50 m.

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle on a footpath or on a cycle path.

Subclause (1) does not apply to cycles if a road controlling authority indicates otherwise by means of signs or markings or if it installs facilities for the parking, standing, or storage of cycles on a footpath or cycle path.

Nothing in subclause (1) prevents a person from stopping, standing, or parking a cycle, mobility device, or wheeled recreational device on a footpath if doing so does not unreasonably obstruct any other user of the footpath.

This clause applies to an area of roadway that the road controlling authority—

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle that does not belong to a class or classes of vehicle indicated by an appropriate parking sign installed at that stopping place or stand must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle, whether attended or unattended, on the area.

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle that belongs to a class or classes of vehicle indicated by an appropriate parking sign installed at that stopping place or stand must not leave the vehicle unattended on the area.

An area described in subclause (1) may be marked by lines on the roadway put there by the road controlling authority. The road controlling authority must mark the area by putting lines on the roadway if it is practicable for it to do so.

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle on any part of a roadway reserved by a road controlling authority as a loading zone—

This clause applies only if the location of the loading zone is indicated by the road controlling authority by the installation of the appropriate parking signs and markings prescribed by Land Transport Rule 54002: Traffic Control Devices 2004.

Nothing in subclause (1) permits a vehicle to be left unattended within a loading zone if the appropriate parking sign indicates that the vehicle must be attended at all times.

A driver or person in charge of a vehicle must not stop, stand, or park the vehicle—

A driver or person in charge of a goods vehicle that exceeds 6 m in length and that is fitted with a flat deck or tray for the carriage of goods (whether or not it is equipped with side boards and tailboards) must not stop, stand, or park that vehicle on a roadway during the hours of darkness, whether attended or unattended, at an angle to the direction of the roadway.

However, subclause (1) does not apply to any part of a roadway where the road controlling authority maintains a notice, traffic sign, or marking indicating that the parking of such vehicles at an angle to the roadway during the hours of darkness is permitted.

Except with the written permission of the road controlling authority given for a specified trailer, and in compliance with any conditions imposed by the road controlling authority in giving that permission, a person must not park a trailer on a roadway for a period exceeding 7 days.

Subclause (1) does not derogate from any of the provisions of clauses 6.1 to 6.18.

This clause contains exceptions to this Part that are in addition to the exceptions in clause 1.8.

A driver or person in charge of any goods vehicle is not in breach of clause 6.11 or clause 6.12 if he or she proves that the act or omission complained of—

A driver of any small passenger service vehicle is not in breach of clause 6.11 if the driver proves that—

A person must not ride in or on a vehicle, or in or on an object conveyed on a vehicle, in a manner or position that may be liable to cause injury to that person.

A driver must not permit a person to ride in breach of subclause (1).

A person must not alight from or board a moving motor vehicle or light rail vehicle.

A driver must not operate a motorcycle (other than a motorcycle fitted with a sidecar) on a road while it is carrying more than 2 persons.

A person must not cause a hazard to any person by opening or closing a door of a motor vehicle, or by leaving the door of a motor vehicle open.

A driver of a school bus or passenger service vehicle or light rail vehicle must ensure that any door used for the entrance or exit of passengers is not open while the bus or vehicle is in motion.

A driver must not operate a vehicle in a condition or manner that causes or is liable to cause—

A driver must not operate a vehicle that is so loaded, or has a load so unsafely secured or covered, that the vehicle or its load causes or is liable to cause—

A driver must not operate a vehicle that is so loaded, or has a load so unsafely secured or insufficiently covered, that the load or a portion of the load escapes or falls from the vehicle or is likely to do so.

A driver must not operate a vehicle if the vehicle or its load, or both, drag on or make moving contact with the roadway other than by means of the wheels or by means of an attachment used to prevent the accumulation of static electricity.

A driver must not use a motor vehicle to tow a trailer designed for use as a human abode while any person is carried in that trailer unless the carriage of that person is required for the purposes of a roadworthiness test of the trailer.

A driver must not, while driving a vehicle,—

Subclause (1) is overridden by subclauses (2) to (7).

An enforcement officer may, while driving a vehicle, use a mobile phone to make, receive, or terminate a telephone call if the officer is making, receiving, or terminating the call in the execution of the officer’s duty.

A driver may, while driving a vehicle, use a mobile phone if—

A driver may, while driving a vehicle, use a mobile phone to make, receive, or terminate a telephone call if the phone does not require the driver to hold or manipulate it to make, receive, or terminate the call.

A driver may, while driving a vehicle, use a mobile phone to make, receive, or terminate a telephone call if the vehicle has stopped for a reason other than the normal starting and stopping of vehicles in a flow of traffic.

A driver may, while driving a vehicle, use a mobile phone in a way described in subclause (1)(a) or (f), if both the following apply:

A driver must not operate a vehicle that creates noise that, having regard to all the circumstances, is excessive.

A person must not create by any means (for example, a car stereo) within or on a vehicle any noise that, having regard to all the circumstances, is excessive.

In determining whether any noise is excessive, regard may be had, in addition to all other relevant matters, to—

Without limiting any enactment other than this rule, the following are authorised:

A person must not, at any time,—

A person must not operate a siren fitted to an emergency vehicle unless the vehicle is readily identifiable by means of—

A driver must not operate a motor vehicle other than a traction engine that, for 10 or more seconds, emits a continuous stream of smoke or vapour that is visible to a person with normal vision.

Subclause (1) does not apply if smoke or vapour is visible solely because of the condensation of water vapour.

A driver is not in breach of subclause (1) if the driver produces documentation that proves that—

A driver must ensure that, while the vehicle is in motion on a road, every passenger under the age of 7 years is properly restrained by an approved child restraint appropriate for that passenger.

A driver must ensure that, while the motor vehicle is in motion on a road, every passenger aged 7—

Subclause (2) applies when a person—

The driver of the vehicle must ensure that, while the vehicle is in motion on the road, the person—

A driver must not, while the motor vehicle is in motion on a road, permit a passenger under the age of 15 years who is not properly restrained by an approved child restraint or seat belt appropriate for that passenger to be alongside the driver unless—

Subclause (2) applies when a person—

While the vehicle is in motion on the road, the person must—

The requirements of clauses 7.6 to 7.10 do not apply to a driver (whether imposed in respect of himself or herself or any child), or to a passenger in any motor vehicle, if the driver or passenger produces to an enforcement officer, whenever required to do so by that officer, a certificate from a health practitioner certifying that the restraining of the person who would otherwise be required by those provisions to be restrained by a child restraint or seat belt is impracticable or undesirable for medical reasons.

A driver or passenger who is required to produce a certificate to an enforcement officer under subclause (1) has 7 days, after the day on which the requirement is imposed, to do so.

If the certificate produced to the enforcement officer was issued on or after 1 October 2011,—

The requirements of clauses 7.7 to 7.10 do not apply to a driver (whether imposed in respect of himself or herself or any child), or to a passenger in any vehicle, if the person who would otherwise be required by those provisions to be restrained by a child restraint or seat belt—

Clauses 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, and 7.10 do not apply to the driver of a bus.

The requirements of clause 7.6 do not apply to a driver (whether imposed in respect of himself or herself or any child), or to a passenger in any vehicle, if the driver—

A person must not drive or ride on an all terrain vehicle, on a motorcycle, in a sidecar, or on a moped on a road unless the person is wearing a safety helmet of an approved standard that is securely fastened.

However, subclause (1) does not apply in respect of the driver or rider of an all terrain vehicle if—

The approved standards for safety helmets are—

The approved standard in subclause (2)(e) applies only to motorcycle safety helmets that are manufactured and purchased in the United States of America.

A safety helmet must comply with the version of an approved standard for safety helmets that is—

An approval of a safety helmet under the Traffic Regulations 1976 that was published in the Gazette before 27 February 2005 remains valid after this rule comes into force.

In proceedings for an offence of breaching this clause, proof that a safety helmet worn by the defendant did not bear a standard specification mark or a registered trademark is, until the contrary is proved, sufficient evidence that the helmet was not of an approved standard.

A safety helmet must be free from damage, wear, tear, or modifications that may adversely affect its safety.

A person is not in breach of subclause (1) if the person proves that at the time of the commission of the alleged breach he or she was an adherent of the Sikh religion.

Subclause (8) does not apply if the vehicle was being driven at a speed exceeding 50 km per hour.

Clause 7.12 does not apply to the driver or rider of an all terrain vehicle, a motorcycle, or a moped while it is being used at a speed not exceeding 30 km per hour to travel from one part of a farm to another part of the same farm or from one farm to another adjoining farm which is owned or occupied by the same person.

For the purposes of subclause (1), farms must be regarded as adjoining even though they may be separated by a road, a railway, or a watercourse.

Clause 7.12 does not apply to any driver of or rider on an all terrain vehicle, a motorcycle, or a moped who is—

The Director of Land Transport may issue a certificate of exemption from the requirement in clause 7.12 to wear a safety helmet to any person who produces a medical certificate, issued by a health practitioner not more than 60 days before the date on which the person applies to the Director of Land Transport, to the effect that the person is unable, because of a medical condition, to wear a safety helmet.

A certificate of exemption is current for a period not exceeding 2 years, and is subject to any terms and conditions that the Director of Land Transport thinks fit to impose.

A driver or passenger of an all terrain vehicle, a motorcycle, or a moped on any road who is wearing a safety helmet must immediately produce the helmet for inspection on the demand of an enforcement officer, and must, if so required, hand it to the enforcement officer for that purpose.

This clause applies if any of the following falls or escapes from a vehicle on a road:

If removal of the substance or glass can be achieved quickly and safely, the driver of any vehicle involved must immediately remove it or cause it to be removed.

If removal of the substance or glass cannot be achieved quickly and safely and there is a likelihood of harm being caused to the public or to any person, the driver of any vehicle involved must warn the public or report the occurrence immediately to the nearest Police station or to a constable.

If all the drivers of the vehicles involved are physically incapacitated and unable to comply with subclause (2) or subclause (3), a person removing any vehicle concerned from the scene must comply with subclause (2) or subclause (3) (as the case requires).

This clause—

The driver of vehicle A must, except when overtaking vehicle B with the intention of passing it, keep a sufficient distance from vehicle B to enable the driver of any other vehicle to overtake and pass vehicle A and then move in behind vehicle B when conditions are such that this can be done safely.

A driver of a light vehicle on a road must not tow more than 1 trailer.

For the purpose of subclause (1), trailer includes a vehicle normally propelled by mechanical power which is being temporarily towed without the use of its own power.

However, a driver of a tractor on a road may tow up to 2 light vehicles so long as the tractor manufacturer’s ratings are not exceeded.

A driver must not, during the hours of darkness, tow a vehicle other than a trailer unless the towed vehicle is fitted with a lamp displaying a white light to the front sufficient to show the towing connection and with a rear position lamp complying with the provisions of any applicable enactment.

A driver must not, during the hours of darkness, tow a trailer fitted with a position lamp or lamps unless the lamp or lamps are displayed.

A driver must not operate a motor vehicle towing a trailer unless—

A driver must not tow a motorcycle or an all terrain vehicle unless that motorcycle or all terrain vehicle is mechanically disabled.

If the brake of a trailer must be connected to a towing vehicle to enable the brake of that towing vehicle, or the brakes of that towing vehicle and trailer, to operate correctly and effectively, the driver of that towing vehicle must ensure that—

A driver may not drive a vehicle fitted with an outrigger on a road unless the outrigger is fully retracted and locked.

A driver may not drive a vehicle fitted with a dual steering system from the left-hand driving position unless that driver is—

A driver must not operate a motor vehicle on or in which is carried any firearm, airgun, or restricted weapon (as defined in section 2 of the Arms Act 1983) that is loaded with a bullet, cartridge, missile, or projectile, whether in its breech, barrel, chamber, or magazine.

Subclause (1) does not apply in relation to the carriage of firearms—

A road user must exercise due care towards—

This clause applies to the driver of a small passenger service vehicle that is fitted with 1 or more child safety locks.

The driver must ensure that a sign approved by the Director of Land Transport is displayed at the handle on the outside of each door that is fitted with a child safety lock.

The driver must ensure that a child safety lock is used only at the request of—

A driver must not operate a motorcycle on a road unless adequate footrests are fitted for use by every person carried other than in a sidecar.

A driver must ensure that, while the motorcycle is in motion on a road, footrests are used by any person carried for whom a footrest is required by subclause (1).

A driver must not operate a motor vehicle on a road unless that motor vehicle has a ready means of entrance and exit for every person that is carried in it.

A person must not use vehicle lighting equipment in such a way that it dazzles, confuses, or distracts so as to endanger the safety of other road users.

If a vehicle’s headlamps are in use, a driver must dip those headlamps—

A driver, during the hours of darkness, must use the vehicle’s headlamp or headlamps.

A driver during the hours of darkness must use the vehicle’s position lamp or lamps.

This subclause applies to the driver of a moped or motorcycle manufactured on or after 1 January 1980. The driver other than during the hours of darkness must use the moped’s or motorcycle’s headlamps or, if fitted, the moped’s or motorcycle’s daytime running lamps.

A driver may use a fog lamp only in conditions of severely reduced visibility, including fog or snow, but not under clear atmospheric conditions even during the hours of darkness.

A person may use a work lamp only—

The driver of a school bus displaying a specified school bus sign may operate the flashing lights on the sign only—

A person must not operate a beacon fitted to a vehicle unless the beacon has been approved for fitting to the vehicle, and is—

Subclauses (1B) and (1C) apply to an agricultural motor vehicle that—

The driver of a vehicle to which this subclause applies must, at all times when that vehicle is being operated, use 1 or more amber beacons, the light from which must be clearly visible from both the front and the rear of the vehicle for a distance of not less than 100 metres.

However, if the beacon or beacons are obscured by an agricultural trailer towed by, or an implement fitted to, the vehicle referred to in subclause (1B), the driver must also use 1 or more illuminated amber beacons on the trailer or implement, as the case may be, so as to ensure full compliance with subclause (1B).

To avoid doubt,—

A device that allows headlamps to flash alternately may be used by—

The device referred to in subclause (2) may not be used during the hours of darkness.

The direction-indicator lamps on a motor vehicle may be flashed simultaneously as a hazard warning, but may be used only when the vehicle is—

A driver must not park or leave a motor vehicle on any roadway during the hours of darkness unless—

A driver must not park or leave any goods vehicle that is a heavy motor vehicle or a vehicle fitted with a flat deck or tray for the carriage of goods (whether or not it is equipped with sideboards or tail boards) on any roadway during the hours of darkness unless it displays a rearward-facing position lamp that is visible.