| Tracer ammunition | | Projectiles containing an element that enables the trajectory of the projectiles to be observed |
| Enhanced-penetration ammunition | | Projectiles that have a steel or tungsten carbide penetrator intended to achieve better penetration |
| Armour-piercing ammunition | | Projectiles intended to penetrate or perforate armour plate and ceramic armours, typically achieved through the use of hardened or specialised core materials |
| Incendiary ammunition (excluding flares for flare guns) | | Projectiles designed to provide an incendiary effect on impact with the target |
| Explosive ammunition | | Projectiles containing a high-explosive charge that detonates on impact with or in close proximity to the target |
| Multi-purpose ammunition | | Armour-piercing incendiary ammunition in which the incendiary compound is replaced by a high-explosive charge to provide a blast, fragmentation, and incendiary effect as well as an armour-piercing effect |
| Discarding-sabot ammunition (excluding shotgun cartridges) | | Small-diameter projectiles designed to pierce armour that are placed into a supporting plug (a sabot) and then pushed down the bore as an assembly; the sabot is stripped off when the assembly leaves the barrel |
| Multi-projectile ammunition (excluding shotgun cartridges and rimfire cartridges loaded with shot) | | Ammunition that has the ability to fire multiple projectiles in a single shot (for example, duplex ammunition) |
| Chemical or biological carrier ammunition (excluding projectiles for any device designed and intended solely for any medical, surgical, veterinary, scientific, agricultural, industrial, or other similar lawful purpose) | | Projectiles that have the ability to carry a chemical or biological agent |
| Flechettes (excluding projectiles designed and intended solely for any bolt gun, stud gun, humane killer, deer net gun, nail gun, or a pistol that is part of rocket-throwing or line-throwing equipment) | | Lightweight, fin-stabilised projectiles, fired from a sabot, with an aerodynamic shape and small frontal area to minimise air resistance |