Education (Domestic Tertiary Student and International Student Contract Dispute Resolution Scheme) Rules 2023
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Version as at 22 October 2025
Education (Domestic Tertiary Student and International Student Contract Dispute Resolution Scheme) Rules 2023
(SL 2023/199)
Cindy Kiro, Governor-General
Order in Council
At Wellington this 21st day of August 2023
Present:
Her Excellency the Governor-General in Council
Note
The Parliamentary Counsel Office has made editorial and format changes to this version using the powers under subpart 2 of Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019.
Note 4 at the end of this version provides a list of the amendments included in it.
These rules are administered by the Ministry of Education.
These rules are made under section 539 of the Education and Training Act 2020—
(a)
on the advice and with the consent of the Executive Council; and
(b)
on the recommendation of the Minister of Education made after complying with section 539(2) of that Act.
Contents
Rules
1 Title
These rules are the Education (Domestic Tertiary Student and International Student Contract Dispute Resolution Scheme) Rules 2023.
2 Commencement
These rules come into force on 1 January 2024.
3 Application
These rules apply to the resolution of disputes—
(a)
between domestic tertiary students (and former and prospective domestic tertiary students) and providers under the DRS; and
(b)
between international students (and former and prospective international students) and providers under the DRS.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 3
4 Interpretation
(1)
In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires,—
Act means the Education and Training Act 2020
adjudicator means a person appointed by the DRS operator to resolve disputes by adjudication
appoint includes engage or employ
dispute—
(a)
means a dispute between a student (or a former or prospective student) and a provider that relates to a matter set out in section 536(2) of the Act; and
(b)
includes a contractual dispute in relation to the quality of education received by a student (or a former student) if a quality assurance agency has taken action against the provider under section 348(4), 350(1)(a) to (ca) or (2), or 459(6) of the Act
family group, in relation to a student, means a family group, including an extended family,—
(a)
in which there is at least 1 adult—
(i)
with whom the student has a biological or legal relationship; or
(ii)
to whom the student has a significant psychological attachment; or
(b)
that is the student’s whānau or other culturally recognised family group
legal guardian, in relation to a student, means a person who, by court or testamentary appointment, is responsible for the student’s well-being and financial support
mana includes a person’s intrinsic value and inherent dignity derived from the person’s whakapapa (genealogy) and their belonging to a whānau, hapū, iwi, or family group in accordance with tikanga Māori or its equivalent in the person’s culture
practitioner means a person appointed by the DRS operator to resolve disputes by consensual methods or by adjudication
serious misconduct, in relation to a provider, means misconduct that the DRS operator considers, on reasonable grounds, to be fraudulent or grossly negligent or a breach of any applicable legislation or the code
specified body has the meaning given to it by section 536B(3) of the Act
systemic issue means an issue that has material implications that not only affect the parties to a particular dispute but also relate to the systems, processes, conduct, or operation of the—
(a)
provider who is the subject of a claim; or
(b)
wider tertiary education system.
(2)
A reference in these rules to a student claimant includes a person acting on the student claimant’s behalf in accordance with rule 7.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 4
5 Transitional, savings, and related provisions
The transitional, savings, and related provisions set out in the Schedule 1 have effect according to their terms.
Part 1 Dispute resolution process
Lodging disputes
6 How to lodge dispute with DRS operator
(1)
A student claimant may lodge a dispute against a provider by making a claim under the DRS to the DRS operator.
(2)
A claim must set out the following information:
(a)
the student claimant’s name:
(b)
the name of the provider:
(c)
confirmation that the student claimant is—
(i)
a domestic tertiary student or an international student enrolled by the provider; or
(ii)
a former domestic tertiary student or a former international student enrolled by the provider; or
(iii)
a person who intends to be, or is in the process of being, enrolled by the provider as a domestic tertiary student or an international student:
(d)
sufficient information about the dispute to enable the DRS operator to assess whether to accept the dispute.
(3)
A claim may be made orally or in writing.
(4)
The DRS operator must record in writing a claim made orally and confirm the record of the claim with the student claimant.
(5)
A student claimant must not be charged a fee for making a claim under the DRS.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 5
7 Who may act on behalf of student
Domestic tertiary students
(1)
The following individuals may act on behalf of a domestic tertiary student (or former or prospective domestic tertiary student) described in rule 6(2)(c):
(a)
a parent, caregiver (as defined in section 386AAA of the Oranga Tamariki Act 1989), or family group member of the student, acting with the student’s consent:
(b)
a legal guardian of the student.
International students
(2)
The following individuals may act on behalf of an international student (or former or prospective international student) described in rule 6(2)(c):
(a)
a parent of the student, acting with the student’s consent if the student is 18 years of age or older:
(b)
a caregiver who is (or was) contractually responsible for the student, acting—
(i)
with the student’s consent; or
(ii)
if the student is under the age of 18 years, with the consent of the student’s parent or legal guardian:
(c)
a family group member of the student, acting—
(i)
with the student’s consent; or
(ii)
if the student is under the age of 18 years, with the consent of the student’s parent or legal guardian:
(d)
a legal guardian of the student.
(3)
A caregiver referred to in subclause (2)(b) may make a claim on behalf of the international student (or former or prospective international student), whether or not the student is in New Zealand.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 4 definition of student claimant
8 Support to enable student claimant to make claim
(1)
To enable a student claimant to make a claim, the DRS operator must, where appropriate,—
(a)
provide additional support to the student claimant (for example, interpretation, translation, or language services) if the support is available at a reasonable cost to the operator:
(b)
refer the student claimant to support services outside the DRS operator (for example, student advocacy, disability support, well-being support services, or legal services).
(2)
If requested by the student claimant, the support and services must be independent of the provider against whom they have lodged a dispute.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 6
DRS operator determines eligibility and provides initial response
9 When DRS operator may decline to accept dispute
(1)
The DRS operator may decline to accept a dispute for resolution under the DRS if it considers that the DRS does not cover the dispute for 1 or more of the following reasons:
(a)
the provider has not been given an adequate opportunity to resolve the dispute:
(b)
the dispute has been dealt with in another forum, unless new evidence or other information has come to light that the DRS operator believes on reasonable grounds should be considered:
(c)
the dispute is being dealt with in another forum, unless the student claimant withdraws the dispute from the other forum:
(d)
the dispute would be more appropriately dealt with by a court, a tribunal, or another appropriate authority:
(e)
the dispute has been previously dealt with under the DRS, unless new evidence or other information has come to light:
(f)
the claim is trivial, frivolous, or vexatious:
(g)
as a result of a delay in lodging the dispute, it is no longer possible to obtain sufficient evidence or other information for resolution of the dispute under the DRS.
(2)
This rule does not apply if the District Court has, under section 538 of the Act, enforced a resolution that is binding under section 536(7) of the Act.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 7
10 DRS operator to inform parties of information sharing
Before it accepts or declines to accept a dispute, the DRS operator must inform the parties to the dispute of the following matters:
(a)
how the DRS operator must perform or exercise its functions, powers, and duties under section 536A of the Act in resolving a dispute; and
(b)
that certain information about the dispute—
(i)
must be provided to a specified body on request made under section 536B of the Act; and
(ii)
may be provided to a code administrator or a quality assurance agency under section 536C of the Act.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 8
11 Initial response of DRS operator to claim
(1)
The DRS operator must give written notice to the student claimant within 10 working days after the claim is made that—
(a)
acknowledges the lodging of the dispute; and
(b)
states—
(i)
that the dispute is accepted; or
(ii)
that the dispute is not covered by the DRS and explains why; or
(iii)
that further information is required to determine whether the dispute will be accepted; and
(c)
if appropriate, refers the student claimant to the code administrator or another appropriate authority; and
(d)
if the provider has not yet had the opportunity to resolve the dispute, refers the student claimant to the provider; and
(e)
if the dispute is accepted, outlines the next steps in the process for dealing with the claim.
(2)
If the student claimant provides further information to the DRS operator under subclause (1)(b)(iii), the DRS operator must, within 10 working days after receipt of the information, give written notice to the student claimant that states—
(a)
that the dispute is accepted; or
(b)
that the dispute is not accepted and explains why.
(3)
The DRS operator must inform the relevant quality assurance agency of the nature of the dispute and whether it has been accepted by the DRS operator or referred to the code administrator or another appropriate authority.
(4)
If the DRS operator accepts the dispute, the DRS operator must give written notice to the provider within 10 working days after the dispute is accepted that—
(a)
states that the dispute is accepted; and
(b)
describes the nature of the dispute; and
(c)
outlines the next steps in the process for dealing with the claim.
(5)
If the DRS operator declines the dispute, the DRS operator must refer the student claimant to support services outside the DRS operator (for example, student advocacy, disability support, or well-being support services).
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 9
General approach to resolving disputes
12 General approach to resolving disputes
The DRS operator and practitioners must consider and deal with a dispute in a timely, accessible, culturally safe, and competent manner and, in particular, in a way that—
(a)
upholds the mana of the parties to a dispute; and
(b)
where appropriate, has regard to the specific cultural needs or circumstances of the parties in the dispute resolution process; and
(c)
takes into account the age of the student claimant (for example, the need to communicate in ways that are appropriate for a person of a particular age); and
(d)
ensures that all learners, including disabled learners, can fully access and participate in the dispute resolution process; and
(e)
encourages the parties to work towards a shared understanding of the dispute and a mutually agreed solution; and
(f)
prioritises and maximises the use of consensual methods to resolve the dispute, unless those methods are not appropriate for resolving the dispute; and
(g)
promotes restorative justice between the parties and is consistent with the principles of natural justice; and
(h)
for consensual methods, is on a without-prejudice basis; and
(i)
for adjudication, takes the views of the parties into account in deciding measures to resolve the dispute.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 10
13 Support for parties in resolution of dispute
(1)
The DRS operator must allow parties to the dispute to have the following people in attendance during the dispute resolution process:
(a)
an advocate:
(b)
a support person or persons.
(2)
The DRS operator must provide the opportunity for te reo Māori or New Zealand Sign Language to be used in the dispute resolution process.
(3)
Where appropriate, the DRS operator must—
(a)
provide additional support to student claimants and providers (for example, interpretation, translation, or language services) if the support is available at a reasonable cost to the operator:
(b)
refer the student claimant to support services outside the DRS operator (for example, student advocacy, disability support, well-being support services, or legal services).
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 11
14 Disputes may be combined
The DRS operator may, after taking into account the views of the parties, combine disputes for single resolution when the DRS operator considers that it is sensible to do so.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 12
15 Consensual methods or adjudication to resolve dispute
(1)
The DRS operator must, after taking into account the views of the parties, decide whether to use consensual methods or adjudication to resolve a dispute.
(2)
The DRS operator must offer to use consensual methods unless, in the circumstances of the case, there are good reasons not to offer to use them.
(3)
The DRS operator may, after taking into account the views of the parties, decide at any time to refer the parties to adjudication if the DRS operator is satisfied that consensual methods are not working.
(4)
A practitioner who is appointed under rule 16 may, after taking into account the views of the parties, decide the procedures to be followed under the dispute resolution process, consistent with these rules.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 13
16 DRS operator must appoint practitioner for resolution of dispute
(1)
The DRS operator must appoint as a practitioner in a dispute under the DRS a person who is independent of the parties to the dispute.
(2)
When appointing a practitioner, the DRS operator must take into account the student claimant’s preference and needs regarding a person to be appointed (including, without limitation, the gender, cultural background, knowledge of tikanga Māori, and te reo Māori fluency of the person to be appointed).
(3)
If a dispute proceeds from consensual methods to adjudication, the practitioner for the consensual methods must not act as the adjudicator, unless the parties agree.
(4)
An adjudicator may refer a dispute back to consensual methods at any time before the adjudicator gives notice of their proposed decision under rule 24(1) if—
(a)
the parties agree; and
(b)
the adjudicator considers that is in the interests of the parties to do so.
(5)
If the parties return to consensual methods under subclause (4), the DRS operator must appoint a new practitioner to resolve the dispute.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 14
17 DRS operator must ensure parties are aware of conditions of DRS
The DRS operator must ensure that the parties to the dispute are aware of—
(a)
the conditions of entering the DRS, including the conditions set out in the following rules:
(i)
rule 18 (confidentiality of consensual methods):
(ii)
rule 20 (adjudicator must confirm that party to dispute consents to full disclosure of information to other parties):
(iii)
rule 35 (DRS operator must report systemic issues, serious misconduct, and breach of rules); and
(b)
the nature of the dispute resolution process, including the prioritisation of consensual methods over adjudication.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 15
Resolution of disputes by consensual methods
18 Confidentiality of consensual methods
(1)
The persons specified in subclause (2) must, unless authorised to do otherwise by the parties or the relevant party, keep confidential—
(a)
any agreement for the resolution of a dispute by consensual methods; and
(b)
any statement, admission, or document made or created for the purposes of consensual methods; and
(c)
any information that, for the purposes of consensual methods, is disclosed in the course of the consensual methods.
(2)
The persons are—
(a)
a practitioner:
(b)
a party to the consensual methods:
(c)
a person who assists a party or who assists a practitioner:
(d)
the DRS operator or a person employed or engaged by the DRS operator.
(3)
No evidence is admissible in any court or tribunal, or before any person acting judicially, of any agreement, statement, admission, document, or information that is required by subclause (1) to be kept confidential.
(4)
However, this rule does not—
(a)
prevent the discovery or affect the admissibility of any evidence that would otherwise be discoverable or admissible and that existed independently of the consensual methods merely because the evidence was presented in the course of the consensual methods; or
(b)
prevent disclosure where disclosure is otherwise authorised or required by law; or
(c)
prevent the use of anonymised data for reporting, monitoring, evaluation, or research purposes.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 16
Adjudication of disputes
19 Adjudicator may request information necessary for resolution of dispute in adjudication
(1)
The adjudicator may request information from the parties if necessary for and relevant to the resolution of a dispute by adjudication.
(2)
When requesting information, the adjudicator may specify a reasonable period within which a party must supply the information.
(3)
The adjudicator must advise the parties that—
(a)
they are not required to supply the information requested if—
(i)
the supply of the information would breach an obligation of confidence owed to a third person who has refused consent to the supply of the information; or
(ii)
the information is subject to legal professional privilege or was provided to the party on a without-prejudice basis; or
(iii)
the party does not have the information or it is not within their control; and
(b)
a failure or refusal to supply information requested (if none of the exceptions in paragraph (a) apply) may weaken their claim or result in termination of the dispute resolution process.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 18
20 Disclosure of information to other parties to adjudication
The adjudicator must confirm that a party to an adjudication (A) consents to the full disclosure to the other parties of information supplied by A that is relevant to the claim.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 19
21 Student claimant may request certain information not be disclosed to provider
(1)
A student claimant may request that their sensitive personal information not be disclosed to the provider without the student claimant’s consent.
(2)
If a student claimant has made a request under subclause (1), the adjudicator must not disclose the information to the provider, unless the adjudicator believes that the provider would be unreasonably disadvantaged in their ability to respond fully and fairly to the claim.
(3)
If the adjudicator decides that the information should be disclosed to the provider, the adjudicator must first notify the student claimant before disclosing the information to the provider.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 20
22 Adjudicator must ensure parties to adjudication are kept informed
(1)
The adjudicator must keep the parties to an adjudication informed about progress in resolving the dispute and the procedure, or any changes in the procedure, including—
(a)
how information and evidence is to be presented in the adjudication; and
(b)
the rights and obligations of the parties in the adjudication (if any); and
(c)
the period of time required to hear evidence; and
(d)
when a decision is likely to be made.
(2)
The adjudicator must ensure that each party has a reasonable opportunity to be informed of, and to respond to, the arguments or submissions of the other parties.
(3)
The adjudicator must supply the parties with all relevant information, including any information supplied by a party, unless,—
(a)
in relation to sensitive personal information of a student claimant, disclosure is prohibited under rule 21(2):
(b)
in relation to other information, the party does not consent to the disclosure of information.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 21
23 Use of information in adjudication
(1)
For the purpose of resolving a dispute, the adjudicator may consider any information obtained by them or supplied to them.
(2)
The adjudicator may draw an adverse inference from a failure of or a refusal by a party to—
(a)
comply with a request for information under rule 19 if none of the exceptions in rule 19(3)(a) apply:
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 22
24 Decision by adjudication
(1)
Before making a final decision, the adjudicator must give the parties notice of the adjudicator’s proposed decision and the reasons for the decision.
(2)
The adjudicator’s notice of the proposed decision must be in writing and must allow a period of 10 working days after sending the notice for the parties to make further submissions and for further consideration of the dispute.
(3)
If the dispute is not resolved within the 10-working-day period, and after considering any further submissions received from the parties, the adjudicator may make a final decision in the dispute.
(4)
The final decision may differ from the proposed decision notified to the parties.
(5)
The adjudicator must give notice in writing to the parties of the final decision and the reasons for the decision.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 23
25 When final decision binding
A final decision becomes binding on the parties to a dispute on the date on which notice is given under rule 24(5).
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 24
26 Remedies under final decision in dispute resolved by adjudication
(1)
The adjudicator may direct the following remedies:
(a)
that the provider make a public acknowledgment and apology that it has committed a breach of the student claimant’s rights or that some other harm has been suffered:
(b)
that the provider pay the student claimant an amount not exceeding $200,000 for the damage, loss, or inconvenience suffered (for example, the impact on the student claimant’s health, the duration of the dispute, or attempts to resolve the dispute using the provider’s internal processes) resulting from the dispute as judged by the adjudicator:
(c)
that the provider take any other action directed by the adjudicator to remedy the dispute:
(d)
that the provider provide any reasonable non-monetary redress for any damage, loss, or inconvenience resulting from the dispute:
(e)
that the provider—
(i)
review any of its rules, bylaws, or policies relating to the conduct that gave rise to the dispute; or
(ii)
refrain from continuing or repeating the conduct that has given rise to the dispute; or
(iii)
take any other appropriate action (other than an action described in subclause (2)) to resolve the dispute.
(2)
The adjudicator may recommend that the provider establish rules, bylaws, or policies that are aimed at preventing the conduct that gave rise to the dispute.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 25
Termination of dispute resolution process
27 Termination of dispute resolution process
(1)
A dispute resolution process under the DRS is terminated if—
(a)
the parties notify the DRS operator in writing that they have entered into an agreed settlement; or
(b)
the student claimant notifies the DRS operator in writing that they have withdrawn the claim, stating the reason for withdrawing the claim, and the DRS operator is satisfied that the student claimant has not been coerced into withdrawing the claim; or
(c)
the student claimant notifies the DRS operator in writing that they intend to apply to a court, a tribunal, or another appropriate authority for resolution of the dispute; or
(d)
the DRS operator determines that the dispute is not covered by the DRS; or
(e)
the student claimant has failed or refused to supply any information requested under rule 19 and—
(i)
none of the exceptions in rule 19(3)(a) apply; and
(ii)
the DRS operator notifies the student claimant in writing that it declines to continue consideration of the dispute.
(2)
If a dispute resolution process is terminated under subclause (1)(d), the DRS operator must refer the student claimant to the code administrator or an appropriate authority to have their dispute addressed.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 26
Part 2 Administration of DRS
Functions and powers of DRS operator
28 Functions of DRS operator
(1)
The DRS operator has the following core functions:
(a)
providing an independent scheme for resolving disputes between students and providers that fall within the DRS’s jurisdiction:
(b)
operating the DRS in accordance with the DRS’s purpose and these rules:
(c)
resolving, or assisting in resolving, disputes under the DRS by agreement between the parties or, if applicable, by adjudication.
(2)
Other functions of the DRS operator include the following:
(a)
assisting with the promotion and publication of the DRS, including by working with providers and student representative groups:
(b)
monitoring compliance with these rules:
(c)
monitoring and reporting on the effectiveness of the DRS:
(d)
carrying out any other function of the DRS under these rules:
(e)
assisting with the promotion of effective dispute resolution in the tertiary education system more broadly, providing a more systematic and preventative approach to dispute resolution:
(f)
identifying systemic issues that are emerging through the DRS and reporting them to the quality assurance agencies, the code administrator, and relevant government agencies.
(3)
The DRS operator has the following specific functions in relation to Māori:
(a)
proactively developing and evaluating the operation of the DRS with Māori to ensure that the DRS has regard to tikanga Māori and is consistent with the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi/te Tiriti o Waitangi:
(b)
taking any action that is necessary or desirable to address any concerns regarding—
(i)
the application of tikanga Māori in resolving disputes; or
(ii)
any inconsistency with the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi/te Tiriti o Waitangi in resolving disputes or in the operation of the DRS as a whole:
(c)
ensuring that its annual reports are accessible to, and appropriate for use by, Māori:
(d)
generating a range of Māori-specific data and insights that are meaningful and appropriate for use by Māori, the DRS operator, and quality assurance agencies:
(e)
tracking the input, output, and outcome indicators of the DRS’s impact on outcomes for Māori, and making any changes necessary to expedite the achievement of desired outcomes:
(f)
ensuring that there is no significant or long-term disparity of access or outcomes for Māori in relation to the operation of the DRS.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 27
29 Powers of DRS operator
(1)
The DRS operator has the powers specifically conferred by these rules and other powers necessary for performing its functions under these rules.
(2)
The DRS operator may delegate the performance and exercise of its functions and powers under these rules to any person who is appointed to perform or exercise them.
(3)
However, the DRS operator may not delegate a function or power that under these rules must be performed or exercised by an adjudicator.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 28
30 DRS operator may extend time frames
The DRS operator may, at the request of a party to a dispute, and where it is reasonable to do so, extend the time frame within which something must be done, including providing information, under these rules in relation to the consideration or resolution of a dispute.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 29
31 DRS operator must appoint sufficient number of practitioners for functioning of DRS
(1)
The DRS operator must appoint a sufficient number of practitioners to ensure the effective functioning of the DRS.
(2)
In appointing practitioners, the DRS operator must—
(a)
consider a person’s training, qualifications, experience, and personal qualities (including their ability to communicate and work effectively with Māori, young people, Pacific people, disabled people, and people from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds); and
(b)
appoint only persons who are capable of performing the functions of a practitioner; and
(c)
ensure that a person appointed is able to act independently.
(3)
The DRS operator must proactively recruit culturally competent practitioners (including Māori and Pacific practitioners) and disability-inclusive practitioners and support their ongoing professional development.
(4)
The DRS operator is responsible for the actions of a person it appoints to perform its functions under these rules.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 30
32 DRS operator must take reasonable steps to ensure accessibility of DRS
(1)
The DRS operator must take all reasonable steps to ensure that students and providers are fully aware of the DRS and know how to access it.
(2)
In subclause (1), reasonable steps include providing information about the DRS in te reo Māori, New Zealand Sign Language, and in a range of formats that are accessible for disabled people and people for whom English is not their preferred language.
(3)
If 1 or more persons or organisations are responsible for administering the DRS, those persons or organisations must ensure that there is a single contact point for students (and former and prospective students) to access the DRS (for example, a single Internet site, telephone number, and email address).
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 31
33 DRS operator must maintain record of disputes
(1)
The DRS operator must maintain a record of all disputes lodged with the operator and the outcome of the disputes, including a copy of any agreement for the resolution of a dispute by consensual methods and a summary of any decision made by an adjudicator.
(2)
A person who, or an organisation that, is no longer the DRS operator must make the record available to a person or an organisation appointed to be responsible for administering the DRS.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 32
Reporting and accountability of DRS
34 DRS operator must publish case studies and thematic reviews
(1)
Subject to appropriate safeguards and redactions for the purposes of protecting privacy of personal information, the DRS operator must, for the purposes set out in subclause (4),—
(a)
compile and publish—
(i)
case studies; and
(ii)
when relevant, thematic reviews of disputes resolved under the DRS; and
(b)
promote discussion and awareness of those case studies and thematic reviews.
(2)
The case studies and thematic reviews may include the following information:
(a)
the basic facts of a case:
(b)
the approach taken to resolve the case:
(c)
the outcome reached.
(3)
In compiling and publishing a case study, the DRS operator must obtain the consent of the parties involved in the dispute or disputes on which the case study is based.
(4)
The purposes referred to in subclause (1) are—
(a)
keeping providers, students, and other educational interest groups informed; and
(b)
raising awareness of best practice among providers to help build sector capability, for example, regarding internal complaints processes; and
(c)
raising awareness of systemic issues affecting learners and providers; and
(d)
demonstrating the process of decision making under the DRS and ensuring that the process is transparent.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 33
35 DRS operator must report systemic issues, etc
In the course of investigating or resolving disputes by adjudication, the DRS operator must report the following matters to the code administrator, quality assurance agencies, and relevant government agencies (including, without limitation, the Ministry and TEC):
(a)
any serious misconduct by a provider that the DRS operator identifies:
(b)
any breach of these rules by a provider:
(c)
any systemic issue that the DRS operator identifies.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 34
36 Annual report
(1)
The DRS operator must submit to the Minister, by 30 September in each year, an annual report for the year ended on 30 June of that year.
(2)
The annual report must include, without limitation, the following information relating to the year in question:
(a)
the number and nature of each of the following (broken down in each category by types of provider, that is, schools, private training establishments, polytechnics, wānanga, Te Pūkenga—New Zealand Institute of Skills and Technology and its Crown entity subsidiaries, and universities):
(i)
disputes accepted:
(ii)
disputes not accepted:
(iii)
disputes not accepted that are referred to other agencies (for example, to a quality assurance agency, TEC, or back to the student claimant’s provider):
(iv)
disputes under subparagraphs (i), (ii), and (iii), including the outcomes of the dispute resolution processes, that relate to—
(A)
Māori student claimants; and
(B)
claimants in the group of international students (or former or prospective international students); and
(C)
any particular group of student claimants identified by the DRS operator, the Secretary, or the Minister:
(v)
disputes resolved by the DRS, noting which method was successful in resolving the dispute:
(vi)
for disputes resolved by adjudication, the number that were resolved in favour of the student claimant and the number that were resolved in favour of the provider:
(b)
the average length of time taken to resolve a dispute by consensual methods and adjudication:
(c)
examples of typical cases, subject to—
(i)
appropriate safeguards and redaction to protect privacy of personal information:
(ii)
the consent of the parties involved in the dispute or disputes on which the examples are based:
(d)
financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice that demonstrate how the funding of the DRS operator has been applied:
(e)
an outline of the steps taken by the DRS operator to ensure that it is—
(i)
operating in a way that is consistent with the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi/te Tiriti o Waitangi, for example, partnering with or empowering Māori to design and deliver dispute resolution services; and
(ii)
having regard to tikanga Māori, including during the dispute resolution process:
(f)
any systemic issues or serious misconduct by providers identified in the course of investigating or resolving a dispute by adjudication, and how the DRS operator dealt with the systemic issues or serious misconduct:
(g)
the result of any independent review completed during the reporting year.
(3)
The DRS operator must make copies of its annual report available for inspection by the public without charge, for example, on an Internet site maintained by or on behalf of the DRS operator.
(4)
The DRS operator must make a copy of its annual report available in te reo Māori and in a range of formats that are accessible for disabled people and people for whom English is not their preferred language.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 35
Rule 36(2)(a): amended, on 22 October 2025, by section 51 of the Education and Training (Vocational Education and Training System) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 56).
37 Monitoring operation of DRS
(1)
The DRS operator must have a process—
(a)
for receiving and resolving complaints about the operation of the DRS and must publicise that process (for example, on an Internet site maintained by or behalf of the DRS operator); and
(b)
for collecting feedback on the operation of the DRS, which must include the following:
(i)
conducting regular client satisfaction surveys for measuring the quality of processes under the DRS, the durability of the outcomes under the DRS, and any other appropriate performance indicators:
(ii)
where possible, seeking feedback from children, disabled students, Pacific students, and students with a refugee background:
(iii)
enabling feedback to be submitted anonymously:
(iv)
publishing the results of the survey and anonymous feedback.
(2)
A provider or student claimant who is not satisfied with the operation of the DRS or the performance of the DRS operator may complain to the Ministry, but the complaint must not be used to challenge the outcome of a particular dispute.
(3)
The DRS operator must co-operate with any person or body appointed by the Minister to carry out an independent review of the DRS and its operation.
Compare: SL 2021/369 r 36
Part 3 Revocation
38 Revocation
The following rules are revoked:
(a)
(b)
Schedule 1 Transitional, savings, and related provisions
Part 1 Provisions relating to these rules as made
1 Interpretation
In this Part,—
commencement date means 1 January 2024
new rules means these rules as made.
2 Continuation of dispute under new rules
(1)
A dispute that has been lodged, but not accepted or declined by the DRS operator before the commencement date, may be accepted or declined by the DRS operator in accordance with the new rules.
(2)
A dispute that has been accepted and is in the DRS process and is not completed or terminated before the commencement date may, with the consent of the student claimant, be continued under the new rules at an equivalent stage in the dispute resolution process.
Rachel Hayward,
Clerk of the Executive Council.
Date of notification in Gazette: 24 August 2023.
Notes
1 General
This is a consolidation of the Education (Domestic Tertiary Student and International Student Contract Dispute Resolution Scheme) Rules 2023 that incorporates the amendments made to the legislation so that it shows the law as at its stated date.
2 Legal status
A consolidation is taken to correctly state, as at its stated date, the law enacted or made by the legislation consolidated and by the amendments. This presumption applies unless the contrary is shown.
Section 78 of the Legislation Act 2019 provides that this consolidation, published as an electronic version, is an official version. A printed version of legislation that is produced directly from this official electronic version is also an official version.
3 Editorial and format changes
The Parliamentary Counsel Office makes editorial and format changes to consolidations using the powers under subpart 2 of Part 3 of the Legislation Act 2019. See also PCO editorial conventions for consolidations.
4 Amendments incorporated in this consolidation
Education and Training (Vocational Education and Training System) Amendment Act 2025 (2025 No 56): section 51
Versions
Education (Domestic Tertiary Student and International Student Contract Dispute Resolution Scheme) Rules 2023
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